Eras of World History Using the Geo Histo

Eras of World History Using the Geo. Histo. Gram Goals: Introduce Students to the Geo. Histo. Gram Connect the Era titles to significant events

Eras of World History Using the Geo. Histo. Gram The history of the world has been divided into eras to help organize the information. Each of the eras has been named to help define the events during that time. We will use the Geo. Histo. Gram to look at both the dates and the areas to get a basic understanding of the history of our world.

The Geo. Histo. Gram shows both time (chronology) and place (region)

The Geo. Histo. Gram This is the basic form of the Geo. Histo. Gram – seven vertical bars. Space goes across the diagram, from west on the left to east on the right.

The Geo. Histo. Gram Time goes. up the side, from the distant past on the bottom to the present at the top. Each curve. in each bar represents 1000 years of history in that region.

The Geo. Histo. Gram Here is a simple use of the Geo. Histo. Gram: The bars represent major world regions, from the Americas in the west to Polynesia in the east. to show ancient empires in Mesopotamia. (before the Common Era, and roughly in the middle of the world’s land).

The Geo. Histo. Gram By varying the width of the empire “blob”, you can show its power expanded at different times. Adding a shape in northeast Africa can show Egypt lasted a long time but varied in importance.

The Geo. Histo. Gram Some words you need to know: Era: a period of time Pastoral: herding or keeping animals for food, transportation, etc. Migration: the act or process of moving from one region or country to another Agriculture: farming; cultivating the land, producing crops, and raising livestock Civilization: a highly developed society: with a high level of culture and social organization Empire: lands, a group of nations, territories, or people ruled by a single authority. Colonization: to establish a colony in another country or place Revolution: a dramatic change in ideas or practice Imperialism: the policy of extending the rule or influence of a country over other countries or colonies Nationalism: excessive devotion to a nation and its interests, often associated with a belief that one country is superior to all others

Geo. Histo. Gram Activities Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram The first era is “Beginnings of Human Society” (Beginning to 4, 000 BCE) The “Beginning” was about 200, 000 years ago!

The first humans migrated out of Africa and had populated most areas of the world by 10, 000 BCE Why do you think humans migrated out of Africa? How did people survive? By the end of this era, humans had learned to herd animals and plant crops. This was a major lifestyle change and led to permanent settlements. Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society Pre-history - Homo sapiens spread across the world

Geo. Histogram Activities Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram The second era is “Early civilizations and Cultures and the Emergence of Pastoral People” (4000 – 1000 BCE) What is a “civilization”? What are “pastoral people”?

What does Pastoral mean? The first settlements occurred in areas where agriculture was possible, namely river valleys. What rivers were located in these areas? The Fertile Crescent Tigris and Euphrates Egypt Nile India Indus China Huang He Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society

Having a stable food supply allowed some people in the settlements to have other jobs. This division of labor led to the development of civilizations. Some elements of civilization include the development of cities art specialized jobs religion communication laws Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society

These are the names of the civilizations that began during this era in these regions: Africa Middle East Central Asia East Asia The size of the colored shapes show the growth and extent of each one. Which one did not continue to grow into the next era? Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society

Geo. Histogram Activities Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram The third era is “Classical Traditions, World Religions, and Major Empires” (1000 BCE to 300 CE) What are the major “classical” civilizations? What “world religions” were predominant? What “major empires” developed?

With the rise of civilizations and development of new technology, trade helped spread ideas. In East Asia, the Qin Dynasty united China a territory which is now ___? ? ____, the most populous country in the world. Growing civilizations, needing more land resources, used force to expand, and became empires. Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires These are the two large (classical) European empires that characterize this era. Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society What famous Greek leader conquered Egypt and advanced into Central Asia?

Empires grew by conquering people of many cultures. World Religions, like Buddhism and Hinduism, also spread. Other large empires ruled during this era. Where are each of them located? Persia? Mauryan? Han Middle East India Asia Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society What was the first civilization in the Western Hemisphere?

Geo. Histo. Gram Activities Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram The fourth era is “Expanding and Intensified Hemispheric Interactions” (300 -1500 CE) What do “expanding” and “intensifying” mean? What “hemispheric interactions” took place?

Empires expanded during this era: The eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire, but had many enemies. What does its shape tell you? By about 700 CE, what dynasty in Asia had expanded westward? Era 4: Expanding Hemispheric Interactions Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society Islam spread by both trade routes and conquering armies into north Africa and central Asia. What was the major trade route connecting China to Europe? Mongols conquered both Chinese and Muslim empires and spread into Europe.

Empires expanded during this era: In West Africa, what two empires became wealthy through trade? The Plague spread across Europe killing a quarter of the population. How is this shown on the Geo. Histo. Gram? Era 4: Expanding Hemispheric Interactions Marco Polo sparked a new interest in trade with China. Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society What effect did the demand for products from Asia have on Europeans? See Era 5!

Geo. Histo. Gram Activities Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram The fifth era is “Emergence of the First Global Age” (15 th to 18 th Centuries) What is a “global age”?

What important event marks the beginning of this era? Era 5: Emergence of 1 st Global Age The ability to navigate the ocean caused many changes in trade and power. Era 4: Expanding Hemispheric Interactions Columbia Exchange was an important trading system between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres. What 3 regions were involved? What was exchanged? Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires European Colonialism starts in this era. What color shows its spread? Which direction did it spread? Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society What other Empire expanded its power during this era?

Geo. Histo. Gram Activities Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram The sixth era is “Global Revolutions” (Late 1700’s through 1914) What is a “global revolution”?

Era 6: Age of Global Revolutions Era 5: Emergence of 1 st Global Age Explain the saying “The Sun never sets on the British Empire” During this era, revolutions freed many colonies from their European conquerors or feudal leaders. Era 4: Expanding Hemispheric Interactions American French Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society Latin American Chinese Russian As the Ottoman Empire declined, Europe’s power increased. Many changes occurred including an increase in world migration and industrialization. Nationalism and imperialism grew in Europe, Asia, and America.

Geo. Histo. Gram Activities Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram The seventh era is “Global Crisis and Achievement” (1900 -1945) What is a “global age”?

Era 6: Age of Global Revolutions Era 5: Emergence of 1 st Global Age Era 7: Global Crisis and Achievement Increasing government, economic and political power changed the global balance of power. Two World Wars occurred as well as mass genocide in several regions. Era 4: Expanding Hemispheric Interactions What major event ended WW II? Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society Important advances were made in technology, medicine and communications during this era. What countries emerged as super-powers?

Geo. Histo. Gram Activities Mark the Eras on the Geohistogram The eighth era is “The Cold War and Its Aftermath: The 20 th Century since 1945” What was the “Cold War”?

Era 7: Global Crisis and Achievement Era 6: Age of Global Revolutions Era 5: Emergence of 1 st Global Age Era 8: Cold War and Aftermath The Cold War was a conflict between democracy and communism. What two countries were the leaders in this “war”? Era 4: Expanding Hemispheric Interactions Era 3: Classical Traditions and Major Empires Era 2: Early Civilizations and Emergence of Pastoral Peoples Era 1: Beginnings of Human Society Some “hot spots” caused mounting tension, and conflicts in Korea and Vietnam became major clashes. One of the fears that surfaced was the threat of nuclear war. What event signified the end of the “Cold War”?

Geo. Histo. Gram Activities What might the next era be called? How long will it last?