Eating Disorders Module 69 Eating Disorders Anorexia nervosa

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Eating Disorders Module 69

Eating Disorders Module 69

Eating Disorders • Anorexia nervosa - drop significantly below weight, irrational fear of gaining

Eating Disorders • Anorexia nervosa - drop significantly below weight, irrational fear of gaining weight and distorted body image • Bulimia nervosa - characterized by binges of extreme overeating followed by self-induced purging such as vomiting, laxatives – Weight fluctuations within normal ranges • Binge-eating - disorder characterized by recurring episodes of binge eating without purging followed by remorse.

Men’s & Women’s Body Images According to surveys on body image, people in our

Men’s & Women’s Body Images According to surveys on body image, people in our society are much more dissatisfied with their bodies now than they were a generation ago. Women are still more dissatisfied than men, but today’s men are more dissatisfied with their bodies than the men of a generation past.

Anorexia Nervosa Key Features 1. Refusal to maintain a normal body weight 2. Intensely

Anorexia Nervosa Key Features 1. Refusal to maintain a normal body weight 2. Intensely afraid of being overweight. 3. Suffer from delusions of being overweight. 4. Denies there is a problem. 5. Intensely concerned with how others perceive them • • • Usually in adolescent females May put themselves on self-starvation regimens May become dangerously underweight

Other Qualities - Anorexia • Unhealthy way to cope with emotional problems, perfectionism, and

Other Qualities - Anorexia • Unhealthy way to cope with emotional problems, perfectionism, and a desire for control. • Often equate self-worth with how thin you are. You are never thin enough. • Most deadly of all psychological disorders. Malnutrition does permanent damage to body organs, leading to death.

Anorexia - Symptoms • Physical Symptoms – Abnormal blood counts, fatigue, brittle nails, thin

Anorexia - Symptoms • Physical Symptoms – Abnormal blood counts, fatigue, brittle nails, thin and breaking hair, no menstruation, constipation, dry skin, always cold, irregular heart rhythms, low blood pressure, dehydration, osteoporosis, dizziness or fainting • Emotional or behavioral symptoms – Refusal to eat, denial of hunger, excessive exercise, flat mood, difficulty concentrating, preoccupation with food, denying the seriousness of low body weight

Anorexia - Red Flags • Skipping meals • Making excuses for not eating •

Anorexia - Red Flags • Skipping meals • Making excuses for not eating • Rigid eating rituals, like cutting food into small pieces, or counting food • Weighing food • Cooking for others but not eating themselves • Repeatedly weighing self • Wearing baggy or layered clothes • Complaining about being fat

Psychological Explanation • It is a way to control a portion of one’s life,

Psychological Explanation • It is a way to control a portion of one’s life, particularly when other parts of life seem out of control. • There is self hate – prevents person from seeing • May have OCD traits that make it easier to stick to diets and forgo food even when hungry. • May have extreme drive for perfectionism, so they are never thin enough.

Biological Explanation • Possible genetic predisposition, especially with traits towards perfectionism, sensitivity, and perserverance

Biological Explanation • Possible genetic predisposition, especially with traits towards perfectionism, sensitivity, and perserverance – all associated with anorexia. • Brain scans reveal high levels of serotonin in brains of anorexics. • Serotonin hinders appetite. • Serotonin may help deal with anxiety.

Socio-Cultural Explanation • Western culture promotes thinness. • Success and worth are equated to

Socio-Cultural Explanation • Western culture promotes thinness. • Success and worth are equated to being thin. – This is true for actors, dancers, models, athletes, and generalized to most jobs. • Our society discriminates against overweight people. • Peer pressure – kids can be cruel.

Family Environment • Mothers who focus on their own weight and their daughter’s weight

Family Environment • Mothers who focus on their own weight and their daughter’s weight as well • Highly competitive, high achieving, overly protective

Complications • More than 5% diagnosed die. • Death can occur suddenly from heart

Complications • More than 5% diagnosed die. • Death can occur suddenly from heart arrhythmias, failure or electrolyte imbalance. • Bone loss • Lung problems resembling emphysema • Kidney problems • Every organ sustains damage, including the brain, when severely malnourished. Damage is not fully reversible.

Bulimia Nervosa • An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating – binge eating

Bulimia Nervosa • An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating – binge eating (usually high calorie foods) • Overeating is followed by purging - vomiting, using laxatives, fasting, or excessive exercise • Usually stay within their normal weight. • Usually recognize they have an eating disorder.

Bulimia – Other Qualities • Common to live in a world of secret shame

Bulimia – Other Qualities • Common to live in a world of secret shame and selfdisgust. • Feel trapped by the addition and relationship with food. • Eat until it’s painful then purge. • Eventually teach body to purge easily with small amounts of food. • No-purging bulimia uses fasting or over exercising.

Bulimia - Symptoms • Physical symptoms – Damaged teeth and gums, swollen salivary glands,

Bulimia - Symptoms • Physical symptoms – Damaged teeth and gums, swollen salivary glands, sores in throat and mouth, bloating, dehydration, fatigue, dry skin, irregular heartbeat, knuckles with cores, scars or calluses, puffy cheeks • Emotional and behavioral symptoms – Constant dieting, binge eating alone, eating to discomfort, going to bathroom after eating, hoarding food, depression, anxiety, disappearing food

Biological Explanation • Genetic links • Abnormal serotonin levels (probably not enough) - connected

Biological Explanation • Genetic links • Abnormal serotonin levels (probably not enough) - connected to food intake

Psychological Explanation • • Low self-worth and perfectionism Trouble controlling impulsive behavior Trouble managing

Psychological Explanation • • Low self-worth and perfectionism Trouble controlling impulsive behavior Trouble managing moods or expressing anger Families my have higher-than-usual incidence of childhood obesity & negative self-evaluation • Families of people with bulimia may have more conflicts, criticism, and unpredictability • Sometimes history of sexual abuse

Sociocultural Explanation • • Society promotes thinness Success and worth associated with being thin

Sociocultural Explanation • • Society promotes thinness Success and worth associated with being thin Peer pressure – especially among girls Similar risk factors to anorexia

Binge Eating Disorder • Compulsive overeating – consuming huge amounts of food while feeling

Binge Eating Disorder • Compulsive overeating – consuming huge amounts of food while feeling out of control and powerless to stop • Typically last 2 hours or on and off all day • Gorge themselves as fast as they can barely realize what they are eating or tasting • Feel extremely distressed after binging • No attempt to make-up for the overeating

Binge - Other Qualities • Struggle with feelings of guilt, disgust, depression • Worry

Binge - Other Qualities • Struggle with feelings of guilt, disgust, depression • Worry about their bodies knowing they have no control with eating • Desperately want to stop but can’t. • It’s a food addiction.

Binge - Complications • • Type 2 diabetes Gallbladder disease Heart disease Certain types

Binge - Complications • • Type 2 diabetes Gallbladder disease Heart disease Certain types of cancer Sleep apnea High cholesterol, blood pressure Gastrointestinal problems

Pica Strange but True! • Hippocrates the first to describe the disorder • People

Pica Strange but True! • Hippocrates the first to describe the disorder • People display a compulsive craving for inedible substances such as clay, dirt, laundry starch, chalk, buttons, paper, dried paint, burnt matches, ashes, sand, oyster shells or broken crockery. • Seen most often in pregnant women or nursing women but also with people with severe mental disorders. • Could be a behavioral response to stress. • Usually caused by malnourishment. Body craves what it needs.