Disorders Characteristics of Psychotic Disorders CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF

Disorders Characteristics of Psychotic Disorders

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA

Learning objectives w You must: n n Identify two or more clinical characteristics of schizophrenia Know and explain differences in the prevalence of this disorder in different populations w You should: n Explain the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 w You could also: n Outline the difficulties when making a diagnosis

WHAT IS SCHIZOPHRENIA? w Schizophrenia is not a multiple personality w It is a psychotic disorder characterized by the loss of contact with reality w It has many different manifestations with a few shared features w formerly referred to as: n Lunacy, madness or insanity http: //www. bbc. co. uk/health/emotional_health/mental_health/disorders_schiz. shtml

NEUROSIS OR PSYCHOSES? w NEUROSIS w PSYCHOSES w Mental health issues that fall just outside where the individual has normal functioning but lost touch with reality and the individual is in touch is not on a continuum with reality and knows normal mental health they are ill

CLASSIFICATION w POSITIVE SYMPTOMS – TYPE 1 n Distortion of normal function Delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech, under the control of an alien force, disordered thinking http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z. BOXrf. Ndx. TE w NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS – TYPE 2 n Lack of normal function Apathy, no emotion, flat effect, social withdrawal, Alogia

SUB TYPES w PARANOID n Delusions, persecution, hallucinations w CATATONIC There are more than n Immobile, catatonic stupors these but these are n Wild, uncontrolled movements the main ones w DISORGANISED n Giggling, pulling faces, flat effect. w RESIDUAL n low level positive symptoms but psychotic symptoms present w UNDIFFERENTIATED n Does not fit into any of above

ACTIVITY w Difficulties in categorizing and forming a diagnosis

DIAGNOSIS ICD & DSM • Can only be done by a psychiatrist • As yet there is no physical way to diagnose • Current research is looking at blood test or eye tracking

ACTIVITY w Find & Outline the ICD / DSM clinical Characteristics.

Schizophrenia prevalence w 1% lifetime risk in general population w Holds true for most geographical areas although rates do vary n Abnormally high in Southern Ireland, Croatia; significantly lower rates in Italy, Spain (Torrey, 2002) w Risk factors include minority ethnicity, urban residence w How might differences in rates of diagnosis be explained?

Schizophrenia onset Source: CIHI

PROGNOSIS w ‘Rule of the thirds’ (rule of thumb): n 1/3 recover more or less completely n 1/3 episodic impairment n 1/3 chronic decline w With treatment about 60% of patients manage a relatively normal life w Prognosis better in non-industrialised societies

Homework w Schizophrenia work pack