CHAPTER 11 SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS PSYCHOTIC
- Slides: 18
CHAPTER 11 SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS n Symptoms n n Alternations in perceptions, thoughts, or consciousness (delusions and hallucination) DSM-IV categories n n n n Schizophrenia Schizophreniform disorder Schizoaffective disorder Delusional disorder Brief psychotic disorder Shared psychotic disorder Psychotic disorder due to general medical condition Substance-induced psychotic disorder
SCHIZOPHRENIA n Symptoms n n Disturbance lasts at least 6 months, including One month of active phase that includes 2 positive or one positive and one negative symptom, and Decline in social or occupational functioning. DSM-IV subtypes n n n Paranoid Catatonic Disorganized Undifferentiated Residual
POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS n n Positive n Delusions – Faulty interpretations of reality n Hallucinations – Faulty sensory perceptions n Disordered speech n Disorganized and bizarre behavior Negative n Flat affect n Poverty of speech n Lack of motivation or directedness n Loss of energy n Loss of feelings of pleasure
EXAMPLES OF NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS n n n Flat affect n Avoid eye contact n Immobile, expressionless face n Lack of emotion when discussing emotional material n Apathetic and uninterested n Monotonous voice, low and difficult to hear Poverty of speech n Long lapses before responding to questions or failure to answer n Restriction on quantity of speech n Slow speech Loss of directedness n Slow movements n Reduction of voluntary movements n Inability to initiate activities n Little interest in social participation
CAUSES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA n No known cause, but research has focused on n Genetic factors n Schizophrenic spectrum disorders n Neurodevelopmental model n Family studies n Twin studies n Adoption studies n Diathesis-stress theory and family and community vulnerability n High-risk studies focusing on family and birth history and markers of attention and cognition deficits
MRI SCANS OF IDENTICAL TWINS
AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS
BRAIN SCANS OF GENAIN SISTERS
CET SCANS OF GENAIN SISTERS
PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO INFLUENZA AND ADULT SCHIZOPHRENIA
THE FAMILY FACTOR IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIA n n n Antipsychotic drugs – Some have adverse side effect (tardive dyskinesia) Skills training Family programs Community support Combined treatment approaches Long-term outcome studies- Prognosis poor though deteriorative effects plateau after 5 to 10 years
SKILLS TRAINING n n Social skills n Self-awareness n Affect regulation n Social cue recognition Cognitive skills n Training in elementary cognitive functions n Strategies for dealing with cognitive deficits n Cognitive restructuring about source of hallucinations Self-care and symptom-identification n Improved grooming and self-care n Self-monitoring for symptoms of relapse Skills for dealing with stress n Identify indicators of stress n Apply cognitive and behavioral techniques
FAMILY PROGRAMS n n n Education about probable causes, symptoms. and course Information about treatment Instruction in problem-solving and crisis management skills Decease negative expressed emotion (EE) Relapse recognition
BRAIN METABOLISM OF SCHIZOHPRENIC AND NON-SCHIZOPHRENIC
OTHER PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS n n n Schizoaffective disorder – Delusions or hallucinations combined with symptoms of depression or manic mood Delusional disorder – Less bizarre than schizophrenia delusions; usually related to a particular topic and have some foundation in real life. Shared psychotic disorder – Two or more people who share shame delusional belief; one originates, the other follows. Occurrence is rare.
DELUSIONAL CONTENT IN PSYCHOSES n n Schizophrenia n Variety of bizarre content n Being controlled or persecuted by others n Finding reference to oneself in other’s behavior or in printed materials Depression n Unjustified guilty n Perceived bodily changes Mania n Great self-importance n Grandiosity Delusional disorder n Loved by celebrity/high-status person n Suspect spouse or lover of being unfaithful n Possession of special and unrecognized talent
- Associative looseness
- Chapter 12 schizophrenia spectrum disorders
- Is schizophrenia on a spectrum
- Chapter 31 schizophrenia and other psychoses
- Difference between neurosis and psychosis
- Bipolar and other related disorders
- Bipolar and other related disorders
- Psychotic personality traits
- Dsm 5 vs dsm 4
- Grandiosity
- Define a primary skin lesion and list three types
- Chapter 6 musculoskeletal system diseases and disorders
- Chapter 46 digestive and endocrine disorders
- Chapter 29 somatic symptom and dissociative disorders
- Chapter 29 endocrine and metabolic disorders
- Chapter 21 mental health diseases and disorders
- Chapter 18 eating and feeding disorders
- Chapter 17 reproductive system diseases and disorders
- Chapter 15 nervous system diseases and disorders