CPECSC 580 Knowledge Management Dr Franz J Kurfess

CPE/CSC 580: Knowledge Management Dr. Franz J. Kurfess Computer Science Department Cal Poly © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 1

Course Overview u Introduction u Knowledge Acquisition, Representation and Manipulation u Knowledge u u Retrieval Information Retrieval Knowledge Navigation u Knowledge u u Presentation Exchange Knowledge Capture, Transfer, and Distribution u Usage Organization Classification, Categorization Ontologies, Taxonomies, Thesauri u Knowledge u Processing u Knowledge of Knowledge Access Patterns, User Feedback u Knowledge Management Techniques u Topic Maps, Agents u Knowledge Management Tools u Knowledge Management in Organizations Knowledge Visualization © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 2

Overview Introduction u Motivation u u Case Why do we need to know all this stuff? Study: My Personal Need for KM u u Objectives u What you should know afterwards u Evaluation u Criteria How I can find out if you know what you should know u Warm-Up u u u Review of relevant concepts Overview new topics Terminology © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess u Finding and organizing materials for this class Tools to support this u Case Study: KM at an Organization like Cal Poly u Important Concepts and Terms u all the old and new terms u Chapter u Summary If you know this, you may be able to survive the class Introduction 3

Logistics u Introductions u Course Materials u textbook: none u handouts: some u Web pages: tons u Course. Info/Blackboard System and Alternatives u Term Project u Knowlets and Knowledge Management u Lab and Homework Assignments u Exams u Grading © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 4

The Proliferation of Knowledge u Wall street u no physical assets u make money by utilizing knowledge about investment opportunities u consultants u have knowledge about some specialized tasks u tell customers what to do u “energy brokers” u companies that don’t own any physical facilities, but buy and sell energy u made the biggest profits during the current energy crisis © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 5

Background u How much knowledge do you manage? u as a student u in your job u in your private life © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 6

Motivation u the amount of information and knowledge available increases steadily u it becomes difficult to keep track of relevant knowledge u the demands for applying knowledge to a particular task also become stronger u job expectations u competitive pressure u the benefits from utilizing knowledge become greater u higher profits u better products u more knowledgeable people © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 7

Objectives u be aware of the role of knowledge in professional and private life u understand the impact of knowledge (or lack of it) for important decisions u understand the necessity for knowledge management to deal with the large amount of knowledge and information u discuss the role of computer-based tools and technologies for knowledge management © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 8

What is Knowledge Management? u information technology perspective u computers as support tools for dealing with large quantities of knowledge and information u business u benefits perspective for organizations u philosophical perspective u epistemology: © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess what is knowledge? Introduction 10

Knowledge Management in Perspective © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess [Sveiby 2000] Introduction 11

Knowledge Management Definitions u Karl-Erik Sveiby (Organization Theorist) Knowledge Management is the art of creating value from an organizations intangible assets. u John Gundy, Knowledge Ability (KM Company) Knowledge Management is the process of placing knowledge under management remit. © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess [Sveiby 2000] Introduction 12

KM Phases u 1992 - 1995: productivity enhancement u how can information technology used to share knowledge across organizations u Lotus Notes, Web pages, project databases, best practices, . . . u 1995 - 2000: customer relations u how can information about customers be utilized u data warehousing, data mining u 2000 - ? : interaction u interactive © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Web pages, e-commerce [Sveiby 2000] Introduction 13

KM is Like Building a House. . . …First the Foundation, Then the Structure u The fundament of KM represents a set of Behavioural/Structural Conditions u The walls of KM represent a set of Operational Conditions u The roof of KM represents the corporate knowledge by which learning, innovation, speed and productivity will be enhanced © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess [KPMG 1999] Introduction 14

• • From a Non-Sharing to a Sharing Environment through Incentives HOW? Performance metrics Science workshops Technology exchange networks Extra budget COMMITMENT K OR W M A TE ORGANISATION STRUCTURE & PROCESSES © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess [KPMG 1999] E G D LE ING W O R N HA K S Open, sharing culture Nonsharing culture Introduction 15

• • • From Non-Integrated Information Systems HOW? to Integrated Systems Database technology Groupware Web technology User-interface technology Intranet Integrated Information System UPGRADING OF EXISTING KNOWLEDGE INFORMATION GENERATION RESEARCH OF NEW PROCESS IDEAS © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess [KPMG 1999] ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES Separate information systems Introduction 16

no t in pl ac sta e rti ng ad va nc ed re al ise d The Score on KM Behavioural and Structural Components 1 Focus on group success Focus on individual success No understanding of KM 1, 9 2, 0 Hierarchical 2, 3 organisation 2 3 4 Preparing initiative Initiative in place Top management commitment Open & sharing culture 2, 1 Power culture Process-oriented organisation • On the behavioural/structural axis, there is still enough improvement potential. © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess [KPMG 1999] Introduction 17

The Score on KM Operational Components Integrated Professional research methods 2, 1 2, 0 pl ac sta e rti ng ad va nc ed re al ise d no t in Structured, strategic knowledge creation databases linked with workflow Knowledge supporting decisionmaking Ad-hoc data collection 2, 1 1, 9 Ad-hoc knowledge creation 1 2 3 4 Preparing initiative Initiative in place Knowledge stored mentally and physically Non-customised data • A quick fix is not possible with regard to the implementation of KM. • Step by step, the KM performance should be improved. © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess [KPMG 1999] Introduction 18

Industrial vs. Knowledge Company © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 19

Case Study: KM for Course Preparation u easy case: re-use existing material u text book, presentation material, student assignments, exams, projects u difficult case: brand-new course u no existing material suitable for teaching purposes u existing sources v research monographs, edited volumes, related text books, conference proceedings, journal special issues, articles, technical reports, white papers, company brochures, Web pages © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 20

Course Development as KM Application u problem u development of a course outline u identification of relevant material u extraction of relevant knowledge u integration of various knowledge pieces v different representation media v v v paper (books, journals) microfilm digital (electronic versions of books, journals, etc; Web pages; data bases, computer programs) u presentation v of knowledge presentation medium u identification of evaluation criteria u development of exercises © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 21

Tools for Course Preparation u u u u course outline identification of material organization of material extraction of knowledge integration of pieces presentation of knowledge evaluation criteria development of exercises brain, paper, editor, spreadsheet brain, search engines, library catalog/DBs brain, folders, labels, directories, files brain, paper, text editor, helpers brain, presentation program brain, text editor, helpers u Deficiencies of tools u much of the tedious work is left to the instructor u little support for important knowledge management activities u primitive tools are used for high-level tasks v directories, file names for the categorization of knowledge items © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 22

Knowledge Management at Cal Poly u what kind of knowledge is essential for such an organization u what are the tools in common use © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 23

Knowledge Management for Students u what are important KM needs u what KM tasks do you perform u which u what tools and techniques do you use can be improved through smarter computers © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 24

Post-Test © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 25

Important Concepts and Terms u u u extraction of knowledge identification of knowledge information integration of knowledge management © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess u u presentation of knowledge tools Introduction 27

Summary Introduction u with the increase in the amount of information and knowledge, knowledge management will play a very important role in our professional and personal lives u although a lot of knowledge is available in digital form, computer support for KM is mediocre u many basic techniques and methods have been developed, but their integration into easily usable systems and tools is still missing © 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 28

© 2001 Franz J. Kurfess Introduction 29