Civilizations of Asia 500 1650 Lesson 4 Korea

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Civilizations of Asia (500 -1650) Lesson 4 Korea and Its Traditions Learning Objectives •

Civilizations of Asia (500 -1650) Lesson 4 Korea and Its Traditions Learning Objectives • • • Describe how geography affected life on the Korean peninsula. Understand the influence of China and Buddhism on Korea. Explain the major achievements of the Choson dynasty.

Topic 3 Lesson 4 & 5 Civilizations of Asia (500 -1650) Key Terms steppe:

Topic 3 Lesson 4 & 5 Civilizations of Asia (500 -1650) Key Terms steppe: abacus: stupas: . Confucianism: tributary states: dowry: tsunamis: gentry: . Yamato: kana: Zheng He: Murasaki Shikibu: selective borrowing: literacy rate: archipelago: Shinto: hangul: samurai: bushido: zen: Buddhism: celadon: King Sejong:

Early Dynasty's of China • The Ming Dynasty • During the Ming Dynasty, China

Early Dynasty's of China • The Ming Dynasty • During the Ming Dynasty, China extended into Mongolia and briefly reconquered Vietnam. • By the eighteenth century, almost all the land in China that could be farmed was being farmed. • Yong Le initiated the construction of the Imperial City in Beijing. • The overthrow of the Ming dynasty allowed the Manchus to seize power and establish the Qing dynasty. • • The Qing Dynasty Perhaps the greatest emperor in Chinese history, Kangxi took charge of the government while in his teens reigned for 61 years. In order to identify rebels who opposed Manchu rule, the government ordered all Chinese males to shave their foreheads and braid their hair into a pigtail called a queue. During the reign of Qianlong, the Qing dynasty showed the first signs of internal decay. Europeans in China has not had a constant European presence since the arrival of Marco Polo The Jesuits were among the first European missionaries to arrive in China.

Zheng He Chinese Fleets Explore the Seas Early Ming rulers sent Chinese fleets into

Zheng He Chinese Fleets Explore the Seas Early Ming rulers sent Chinese fleets into distant waters. The most extraordinary of these ventures were the voyages of the Chinese admiral and diplomat Zheng He (jeng he). • Zheng He led the Ming dynasty’s naval voyages of exploration • Zheng He began his voyages in China • Zheng He traveled through the Arabian Sea on his voyages • The city that Zheng He did not reach on his voyages was Cairo

Civilizations of Asia (500 -1650) Lesson 4 Korea and Its Traditions

Civilizations of Asia (500 -1650) Lesson 4 Korea and Its Traditions

Chinese Society Chinese society was organized around the family Beyond the extended Chinese family

Chinese Society Chinese society was organized around the family Beyond the extended Chinese family was the clan, which consisted of dozens, or even hundreds, of related families Foot binding was not practiced by all Chinese women regardless of their status or occupation The foot binding of Chinese women was considered a status symbol in Qing society Chinese Art and Literature Perhaps the most famous of all the arts of the Ming Era was blue-andwhite porcelain, which Europeans collected in great quantities The Chinese novel had its origin during the Ming Dynasty Cao Xuegin was the author of the Chinese novel The Dream of the Red Chamber The Chinese novel The Golden Lotus is considered by many to be the first realistic social novel.

The Geography of Korea As early as Han times, China expanded its influence to

The Geography of Korea As early as Han times, China expanded its influence to a ring of states and peoples on the border of the Middle Kingdom. To the northeast, Korea lay within the Chinese zone of influence. While Korea absorbed many Chinese traditions over the centuries, it also maintained its own identity. Korea Because its rulers tried to keep it isolated from the rest of the world, Korea earned the name “the Hermit Kingdom. ” The Yi dynasty of Korea remained in power during the entire Tokugawa Era in Japan

The Geography of Korea • • • The Korean Peninsula The Impact of Location

The Geography of Korea • • • The Korean Peninsula The Impact of Location Most of Korea is covered by mountains like these. The Korean peninsula is about 85, 000 square miles. South Korea is about 39, 000 square miles.

The Geography of Korea Because of its location, Korea has often served as a

The Geography of Korea Because of its location, Korea has often served as a middle point for cultural, technological, and other types of exchanges.

The Silla and Koryo Dynasties Develop Between 100 B. C. and A. D. 676,

The Silla and Koryo Dynasties Develop Between 100 B. C. and A. D. 676, powerful local rulers forged three separate kingdoms: Koguryo in the north, Paekche in the southwest, and Silla in the southeast. Although they shared the same language and cultural background, the three kingdoms often warred with one another or with China.

The Silla and Koryo Dynasties Develop The three early kingdoms of Korea shared an

The Silla and Koryo Dynasties Develop The three early kingdoms of Korea shared an ethnic background, culture, and language, although they were frequently at war with each other.

The Silla and Koryo Dynasties Develop During the Silla dynasty, Buddhism expanded in Korea

The Silla and Koryo Dynasties Develop During the Silla dynasty, Buddhism expanded in Korea and stunning temples, such as the Pulguksa Temple shown here, were built. It is considered the most famous Buddhist temple in Korea.

The Choson Dynasty The Mongols invaded Korea between 1231 and the 1250 s. In

The Choson Dynasty The Mongols invaded Korea between 1231 and the 1250 s. In 1258, the Koryo made peace with the Mongols, but a lack of tax income weakened the kingdom. In 1392, the brilliant Korean general Yi Song-gye (yee sung gyeh) overthrew them and set up the Choson dynasty. This was the last and longest-lived of Korea’s three dynasties. General Yi reduced Buddhist influence and set up a government based upon Confucian principles.

The Choson Dynasty Korean hangul is used for nearly all written communication in both

The Choson Dynasty Korean hangul is used for nearly all written communication in both South and North Korea today. Analyze Data How might the introduction of hangul affect literacy rates?

The Choson Dynasty This modern illustration of an ancient Korean 'turtle ship' shows the

The Choson Dynasty This modern illustration of an ancient Korean 'turtle ship' shows the distinctive prow, or front, that gave the ships their names.

Civilizations of Asia (500 -1650) Lesson 5 The Island Kingdom of Japan • •

Civilizations of Asia (500 -1650) Lesson 5 The Island Kingdom of Japan • • • Explain how geography set Japan apart. Understand how China influenced Japan, and describe the Heian period. Summarize the Japanese feudal system. Explain how the Tokugawas united Japan. Identify how Zen Buddhism shaped culture in Japan.

The Island Kingdom of Japan • The Unification of Japan • By 1590, Toyotomi

The Island Kingdom of Japan • The Unification of Japan • By 1590, Toyotomi Hideyoshi had persuaded most of the daimyo to accept his authority • The Tokugawa were the rulers who completed the restoration of central authority in Japan in the early 1600 s • The Samurai • The daimyo was the Japanese name for heads of noble families • The bladed weapons that the samurai carried were the naginata and katana • The katana was the long-curved sword a samurai wore on his hip. Japanese Society • Intermarriage among the social classes was not encouraged in Tokugawa society Japanese Society cont. • A wife who didn’t meet the expectations of her husband or his family could be divorced in Tokugawa society • Under the Tokugawa class system, the eta were outcasts whose places of residence, dress, and hairstyles were regulated by severe laws • Japanese Art and Literature • Japanese pottery makers borrowed techniques and designs from Korea to create handsome ceramic pieces • Matsuo Basho is considered to be the greatest of all Japanese poets • Fearing Kabuki could corrupt the nation’s morals, Japanese government officials forbade women from appearing on stage, creating a new professional class of male actors.

Japan’s Geography Japan is an archipelago (ahr kuh PEL uh goh), or chain of

Japan’s Geography Japan is an archipelago (ahr kuh PEL uh goh), or chain of islands, about 100 miles off the Asian mainland east of the Korean peninsula. Its four main islands are Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku.

Japan’s Geography Japan is located on an archipelago. In addition to its four main

Japan’s Geography Japan is located on an archipelago. In addition to its four main islands, Japan includes over 3, 000 smaller ones. Analyze Maps Explain how two geographic features might have influenced Japanese life.

Japan’s Geography Japan has experienced many tsunamis, which are caused by earthquakes in the

Japan’s Geography Japan has experienced many tsunamis, which are caused by earthquakes in the sea floor that send out huge surges of water that come ashore with destructive force.

Early Japan The people we know today as the Japanese probably migrated from the

Early Japan The people we know today as the Japanese probably migrated from the Asian mainland more than 2, 000 years ago. They slowly pushed the earlier inhabitants, the Ainu, onto the northernmost island of Hokkaido.

Early Japan Since A. D. 500, the Japanese emperor has traced his lineage through

Early Japan Since A. D. 500, the Japanese emperor has traced his lineage through one clan. Here, the Japanese royal family poses around 1900.

Chinese Influence in Japan In the early 600 s, Prince Shotoku of the Yamato

Chinese Influence in Japan In the early 600 s, Prince Shotoku of the Yamato clan decided to learn about China directly instead of through Korean sources. He sent young nobles to study in China. Over the next 200 years, many Japanese students, monks, traders, and officials visited the Tang court.

Chinese Influence in Japan Prince Shotoku was an advisor to Empress Suiko. He revolutionized

Chinese Influence in Japan Prince Shotoku was an advisor to Empress Suiko. He revolutionized Japan by creating a government based on Chinese practices and Buddhist teachings.

Japanese Culture in the Heian Period This blending of cultures of Chinese influences with

Japanese Culture in the Heian Period This blending of cultures of Chinese influences with Japanese culture occurred during the Heian (hay ahn) period in Japan, which lasted from 794 to 1185. During this time, the imperial capital was located in Heian, present-day Kyoto. There, emperors performed traditional religious ceremonies, while wealthy court families like the Fujiwara wielded real power. The Fujiwara married their daughters to the heirs of the throne, thus ensuring their authority.

Japanese Culture in the Heian Period During the Heian period, the wealthy aristocracy established

Japanese Culture in the Heian Period During the Heian period, the wealthy aristocracy established a refined world that led to achievements in art and literature.

Japan’s Feudal Age While the emperor presided over the splendid court at Heian, rival

Japan’s Feudal Age While the emperor presided over the splendid court at Heian, rival clans battled for control of the countryside. Local warlords and even some Buddhist temples formed armed bands loyal to them rather than to the central government. As these armies struggled for power, Japan evolved a feudal system. As in the feudal world of medieval Europe, a warrior aristocracy dominated Japanese society.

Japan’s Feudal Age In the 1100 s, daimyo Yoshitsune Minamoto (center) appeals to the

Japan’s Feudal Age In the 1100 s, daimyo Yoshitsune Minamoto (center) appeals to the shogun forgiveness after being defeated in battle. The shogun refused.

A United Japan The Kamakura shogunate crumbled in the aftermath of the Mongol invasions.

A United Japan The Kamakura shogunate crumbled in the aftermath of the Mongol invasions. A new dynasty took power in 1338, but the level of warfare increased after 1450. To defend their castles, daimyo armed peasants as well as samurai, which led to even more ruthless fighting. A saying of the time declared, “The warrior does not care if he’s called a dog or beast. The main thing is winning. ”

A United Japan After the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasau seized control

A United Japan After the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600, Tokugawa Ieyasau seized control of central Japan. He used strict administrative regulations to control anyone who challenged his power.

Japanese Feudal Culture Evolves During Japan’s feudal age, a Buddhist sect from China won

Japanese Feudal Culture Evolves During Japan’s feudal age, a Buddhist sect from China won widespread acceptance among samurai. Known in Japan as Zen, it emphasized self-reliance, meditation, and devotion to duty.

Japanese Feudal Culture Evolves This painting, Flowers of the Four Seasons (ink and watercolor

Japanese Feudal Culture Evolves This painting, Flowers of the Four Seasons (ink and watercolor on gold leafed paper), by Shiko Watanabe (1683– 1755) demonstrates the Zen ideal of subtle suggestion.

Quiz: Japan’s Geography Why do tsunamis pose a great threat to Japan? A. B.

Quiz: Japan’s Geography Why do tsunamis pose a great threat to Japan? A. B. C. D. They cause the Ring of Fire to get worse. They create hurricane strength winds that sweep inland into populated areas. They occur at the same time volcanoes erupt. They strike coastal areas where many Japanese live.

Quiz: Early Japan How did the Yamato clan affect Japan in the long term?

Quiz: Early Japan How did the Yamato clan affect Japan in the long term? A. They developed Shinto and helped it spread to other countries. B. Their homeland became the center of Japanese government, and they established Japan’s only dynasty. C. They warred frequently with Korea and China, until finally defeating them. D. They sent Buddhist missionaries to Korea, where it became the national religion.

Quiz: Chinese Influence in Japan Why did Japan adopt elements of Chinese society? A.

Quiz: Chinese Influence in Japan Why did Japan adopt elements of Chinese society? A. B. C. D. They believed some Chinese practices were superior to theirs. The Chinese invaded Japan and forced their ways on the Japanese. The Koreans adopted Chinese customs first. Japanese society and government were failing and needed to be replaced.

Quiz: Japanese Culture in the Heian Period Why did the Fujiwara have to use

Quiz: Japanese Culture in the Heian Period Why did the Fujiwara have to use marriage to gain power? A. B. C. D. They could not perform traditional religious ceremonies. They could not produce great works of literature. Theirs could not become emperors. Their marriages established elaborate rules of etiquette.

Quiz: Japan’s Feudal Age Why did the shogun hold all the real power in

Quiz: Japan’s Feudal Age Why did the shogun hold all the real power in the 1400 s? A. B. C. D. The Emperor was not descended from other emperors. He controlled all the land in Japan. The samurai were unorganized and disloyal. Military strength was the only real power at the time.

Quiz: A United Japan What was the main reason that the population of Japan

Quiz: A United Japan What was the main reason that the population of Japan increased after a central government was imposed? A. B. C. D. Fewer people died during constant warfare. People can travel freely from their homes to the capital. Agriculture improved due to lack of war. Merchants began to lend money to daimyo and samurai.

Quiz: Japanese Feudal Culture Evolves Why did new artistic traditions most likely develop following

Quiz: Japanese Feudal Culture Evolves Why did new artistic traditions most likely develop following the end of the earlier feudal period of warfare? A. B. C. D. These traditions came out of military culture. People now found time and money for the arts. They were an extension of control of the population. They appealed to the lawless nature of the Japanese.

Quiz: The Geography of Korea How did the relative location of the Korean peninsula

Quiz: The Geography of Korea How did the relative location of the Korean peninsula influence the development of Korean civilization? A. Because it was near Japan, Korea was influenced by Japanese culture, politics, and technology. B. Because it was on the Bay of Bengal, Korea’s leading trading partner was India. C. Because it was near China, Korea strongly influenced Chinese culture, politics, and technology. D. Because it was near China, Korea was influenced by Chinese culture, politics, and technology.

Quiz: The Silla and Koryo Dynasties Develop Which statement best describes Korea’s relationship with

Quiz: The Silla and Koryo Dynasties Develop Which statement best describes Korea’s relationship with China during the Silla and Koryo dynasties? A. China strongly influenced Korea’s culture and technology, but it also may have prevented Korea from developing its own unique culture. B. China strongly influenced Korea’s culture and technology, which helped Korea develop its own unique culture. C. Korea strongly influenced China’s culture and technology, but it also may have prevented China from developing its own unique culture. D. Korea was more powerful than China, which caused jealousy and resentment among Chinese rulers.

Quiz: The Choson Dynasty What inference can you make about Japanese attitudes toward Korean

Quiz: The Choson Dynasty What inference can you make about Japanese attitudes toward Korean culture in the late 1500 s? A. The Japanese looked down on Korean culture because they were willing to pass through Korea to invade China. B. The Japanese looked down on Korean culture because they mockingly named ineffective Korean warships 'turtle ships. ' C. The Japanese admired Korean culture because they captured Korean artisans to bring their skills to Japan. D. The Japanese admired Korean culture because they adapted the Korean alphabet to fit the Japanese language.

Quiz: Mongols Build an Empire How did the Mongol rulers change once their conquests

Quiz: Mongols Build an Empire How did the Mongol rulers change once their conquests were complete? A. They were intolerant and increased the tribute people were required to pay. B. They were not oppressive but permitted people to continue with their lives with relatively little change. C. They were insecure and always preparing for invasion from their neighbors. D. They were generous and eliminated the burden of paying tribute.

Quiz: Mongols Rule China How did Kublai Khan organize Mongol rule in China? A.

Quiz: Mongols Rule China How did Kublai Khan organize Mongol rule in China? A. He reserved the highest government jobs for Mongols and said that only Chinese could serve in the military. B. He said that only Mongols could rule in the provinces and that both Chinese and Mongols could serve in the military. C. He divided the highest government jobs between Mongols and Chinese and said that only Mongols could rule in the provinces. D. He permitted only Mongols to serve in the military and reserved the most powerful government positions for Mongols.

Quiz: Chinese Rule Restored by the Ming How did Ming rulers restore an earlier

Quiz: Chinese Rule Restored by the Ming How did Ming rulers restore an earlier style of Chinese government? A. They founded a new dynasty, moved the capital to Nanjing, and encouraged Buddhism. B. They restored the civil service system and renewed the emphasis on Confucian scholarship. C. They repaired the canal system, and new technologies increased manufacturing output. D. They reorganized the imperial ranking system and added important government offices.

Quiz: Chinese Fleets Explore the Seas What occurred in 1435 that changed China’s relationship

Quiz: Chinese Fleets Explore the Seas What occurred in 1435 that changed China’s relationship with the rest of the world? A. The Ming emperor prevented the building of large ships and stopped expeditions, which halted overseas exploration. B. Zheng He explored the coasts of Southeast Asia and India and the entrances to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. C. The Ming emperor expanded the building of seagoing ships for trade expeditions, thereby promoting overseas exploration. D. A Portuguese merchant arrived in China to negotiate trade agreements and was welcomed by the Ming emperor.