Chapters 15 16 If you could live anywhere

Chapters 15 & 16

If you could live anywhere on earth, where would you want to live and why? What determines the different zones or areas on earth? Climate – long term pattern of weather conditions in a region Is determined by: a. Temperature b. Amount of precipitation

6 Major Land Biomes

Biome Average Temperature Range Tropical Rain Forest Consistent warmth Average Precipitation Major Animal Major Plantlife Abundant Birds, small reptiles, frog, insects Lush forests Rabbits, rodents, bison, anteolope, insects Grasses Hot summers, cold Dry summers, Grasslands winters snowy winters Desert Hot!! Always HOT!! Snakes, insects, nocturnal animals Cacti Temperate Deciduous Forest Warm summers, cold winters Rainy, snowy seasons Deer, squirrel, birds, bear Deciduous trees like oaks Moose Conifers like pines and spruce Taiga Tundra Short, warm Wet spring and summers and long snowy winters cold winters Freezing winters Very little Polar bear, arctic Short needled low with basically no "A frozen desert" fox, lemmings brush and moss summer

Tropical Rain Forest

Grasslands

Desert

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Taiga

Tundra

Name that biome!! 1. 2. 3. 4. Cold and very little precipitation TUNDRA Plenty of rainfall and evenly hot. TROPICAL RAIN FOREST Very little rainfall and hot days DESERT 4 seasons with moderate precipitation and temperatures TEMPERATE DECIDIOUS FOREST 5. Cooler temps with long winters and plenty of TAIGA precipitation 6. Hot summers, cool winters and not a lot of precipitation GRASSLANDS

7. Contains many broadleaf trees like oaks and maples TEMPERATE DECIDIOUS FOREST 8. Has basically conifer trees like pines, spruces TAIGA and fir trees 9. A canopy of plants are all over & it is difficult to get through TROPICAL RAIN FOREST TUNDRA 10. Bring on the ice sleighs!! DESERT 11. Don’t forget your sunscreen here TAIGA 12. Most of Canada

Ocean Zones • Intertidal – Area between high and low tides • Neritic – Intertidal zone to continental shelf • Photic – Area where light can penetrate down into • Benthic – Continental shelf to abyss • Abyssal – > 2000 meters deep and dark!!

Estuaries • Where freshwater river and salt water mix. – San Francisco – Chesapeake – Everglades of Florida – Great species diversity and productivity.

Contains numerous phytoplankton and zooplankton to feed the fish and crustaceans

What is the difference between a renewable and nonrenewable resources? 1. Renewable resource – Can replenish itself • • • Light – Solar power Wind – Wind turbines Water – Hydroelectric power 2. Nonrenewable resource – Used up faster than they are formed. Use 77 million barrels/day of oil • • • Oil Coal Natural gas & gas Fish Animals Plants

How do humans influence the abiotic factors in an ecosystem?

Pollution • Any undesirable factor that is added to the air, soil, or water – Smog • Air pollution caused by light interacting with fossil fuel emissions • Causes less light to penetrate therefore less photosynthesis • Asthma problems

Acid Rain • Type of precipitation produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause the rain p. H to drop below normal levels (5. 6) • Caused by factories releasing Sulfur dioxide (SO 2) and Nitrous oxide (NOx) • Rain falls down at p. H’s of as low as 4 • Nitric acid and sulfuric acid • Acid rain pours down and destroys plants and structures

Ozone Depletion The Ozone (O 3) layer protects earth from solar radiation • CFC’s have broken down parts of the ozone layer

Greenhouse Effect Examine the graph showing global temperature and CO 2 in the atmosphere. What trend do you notice? As the amount of CO 2 increased, global temp increased also. What is your prediction for the future?

What causes the Greenhouse Effect? • Some of the sun’s heat is absorbed by atmospheric gases such as CO 2, CH 4 and H 2 O • Raises earth’s overall temperature – Global warming

What happens if chemicals like DDT, mercury or PCB’s are dumped into water? • The toxins mentioned are fat soluble so they remain in the cell’s cell membrane. – The producers absorb and store the toxin – Primary consumers eat the producers and take in the toxin – As you go up in the food chain, more and more of the toxin ends up in the upper levels of the food chain Biomagnification

Biomagnification

How do you like stink bugs, Japanese beetles, and pythons (in Florida)? Introduced, nonendemic or invasive species are species that are native to an area. • Flourish because they don’t have any natural predator. Could “out compete” native species • Alters the food chain in the environment – Python in the Everglades – Japanese beetle - here – Asian Tiger mosquito - here – Red eared slider turtle - here – Kudzu plant down South – Land Iguanas on the Galapagos Islands