CHAPTER I PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS A B

CHAPTER I PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS

PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS A. B. C. D. SOFTWARE PROGRAMMERS HARDWARE PROBLEM SOLVING

SOFTWARE • Software = Computer Program • Program Codes • Program Coding = Coding

programmers • People who write codes

Types of programmers • System Programmers • OS, Utilities (Anti-virus), Device Drivers • Application Programmers • Database Application Programmers • Web Application Programmers • Game Developers • Micro Devices Programmers

hardware • Refers to the computer itself and other equipment or peripherals such as keyboard, mouse, printer etc.

Problem solving • Preparation

Steps in programming • Planning • Analysis • Design • Development • Testing & Debugging DOCUMENTATI ON

PLANNING • Identification of the problem • Setting goals

analysis • Objectives of the solution to the problem • Input, Process, Storage and Output

design • Modelling such as flowchart and algorithms

development • Translating design into codes

Testing and debugging • When the computer follows the instructions in a program, we say that the machine EXECUTES or RUN the program • BUGS = errors • DEBUGGING = finding and fixing errors

documentation • Provide materials that support the design, development and testing of the program • Documentation = Reference

ELEMENTS OF PROGRAMMING 1. INPUT • Reading values from input devices 2. DATA • Inputs are data, and they are constants, variables and structures (numbers, text, addresses) 3. OPERATIONS • Mathematical Operations and relational Operators 4. OUTPUT • Writing information to the screen, printer, disk or I/O port

ELEMENTS OF PROGRAMMING (cont) 5. CONDITIONAL EXECUTION • If else, if else if, nested if else 6. LOOPS • While loop, for loop, do while loop 7. SUBROUTINES • Functions or module

PROGRAMMING paradigms Fundamental style of computer programming

4 different PROGRAMMING paradigms 1. 2. 3. 4. Procedural Modular Data Abstraction Object-Oriented Programming

oop CLASS OBJECT

CONVERSIONS 3 known number system used in computer world • Decimal (10 digits) 0 -9 • Binary (2) 0, 1 • Hexadecimal (16) 0 -9, A-F

CONVERSIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Binary to decimal Decimal to binary Hexadecimal to binary Binary to hexadecimal Hexadecimal to decimal Decimal to hexadecimal