Chapter 4 Adolescence Adolescence Read outloud exploring psychology

Chapter 4 Adolescence

Adolescence Read outloud exploring psychology… Do Anna Freud’s statements written over 50 years ago describe teens today?

What is adolescence? The transition from childhood to adulthood

What marks the admission into adulthood? Rites of passage ceremonies or rituals that mark admission into adulthood

Theories of adolescence Stanley Hall Margret Meade….

Do Hall and Mead agree? • Hall = storm and stress • Meade = continuous process childhood/adolescence/adulthood

What 3 task must adolescence master 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Accepting your physical make up and developing gender roles Developing relationships with peers Developing emotional independence from parents and other adults Developing $ independence Deciding/preparing for a career

6. Develop cognitive (THINKING) skills and tools necessary for social success 7. Understanding and achieving socially responsible behavior 8. Prepare for marriage and family 9. Acquiring values that are harmonious and appropriate…for what? ?

What marks the end of childhood? PUBERTY SELF CONSCIOUSNESS? ? ?

Physical Changes Growth spurts at different rates Changes in height and weight Development of private parts and hair Muscle mass increases vs fatty tissue Voice changes Menarche/super menarche

Sexual Development 1. What is your belief about “friends with benefits” 2. Development of attitudes towards sex Yes / NO / Abstinence 3. What are your role expectations? ? Double standard? ? What’s good for the goose is good for the gander!!!!! 4. What are your FEARS…. .

Personal Development 4: 2 How does an adolescence thinking differ from a child? More abstract thinking and reasoning

PIAGET’S FORMAL OPERATION STAGE What is RATIONALIZATION…UGH! Elkind on PG 103. . comments?

ERIKSONS IDENTITY CRISIS IS THERE SUCH A THING?

Erikson’s Theory of the Identity Crisis WHO AM I? ?

Resolving the crisis. . What do you need to develop to resolve the “crisis”? confidence, trust, feeling of competence?

Marcia View of Identity Crisis

Social Learning Theory /Bandura • Bandura feels adolescence is one part of a continuous process of development that emphasis interaction

• One of the principal developments of adolescents is to become independent of their families • In becoming independent, the role of peers becomes important • Adolescents need and use each other to define who they are!

Social Development 4: 3

• In an effort to answer “Who am I” adolescents form cliques • Cliques - small, exclusive groups of people within a larger group • What cliques can you identify?

Groups help adolescents – achieve self-confidence – develop a sense of independence – clarify values – experiment with new roles

• Drawback to cliques – fear of dislike can lead to conformity • conformity - acting according to some specific authority – group pressure

• Both peer groups and parents have influence • peer groups set standards on fashion, music, and school related issues • parents have greater influence in areas of marriage, religion, and education plans

Adolescence can present some temporary psychological difficulties – illusion of invulnerability – depression and suicide – eating disorders

GENDER ROLES 4: 4 Do you have a gender schema ? If so, what is it?

Gender differences. . • Are gender difference real or learned? • Is one more superior? • Nature and nurture influence gender. . Roles are a changing…

Ponder Why is identity significant to the adolescent. During adolescence, the individual struggles to arrive at an integrated sense of self or identity. According to Erikson, this occurs during a period known as the identity crisis. Other psychologists argue that this period need not be marked by crisis.

What conflicts do adolescents face? • acquiring a masculine or feminine gender role, • developing appropriate relations with peers • becoming emotionally independent, • deciding on a vocation, • achieving socially responsible behavior, • acquiring values that are harmonious and appropriate.

Problems adolescents develop as a result of abstract thinking and immaturity. 1. 2. 3. 4. finding fault with authority figures, argumentativeness, indecisiveness, apparent hypocrisy in living up to their ideals, 5. self-consciousness, 6. invulnerability.