Chapter 10 APUSH Mrs Price To invent you

Chapter 10 APUSH Mrs. Price “To invent, you need a good imagination and a pile of junk. ” – Thomas Edison

Demographics n Changes from 1820 -1840 - Population increased - Population concentrated in NE & NW

3 Trends n Population grew quickly (more than Europe) n Population was migrating westward n Population was moving to towns & cities

Changes in 1840 -1860 n Growth of cities accelerated n Immigration rate increased - 2 main sources: Germany & Ireland - German: settled in NW, family groups, had $ - Irish: settled in NE, single women, poor

American Population Centers in 1820

American Population Centers in 1860

Immigration leads to Nativism n Racism n Economic fears n Religious fears n Political fears (Whigs)

Secret Nativist Societies n Native American Association (1837) n Native American Party (1845) n Supreme Order of the Star Spangled Banner (1850) n American Party (Know Nothings 1852)

The American Party

Technological Advances n Canals - Need to move goods internally cheaply - Erie Canal

Erie Canal System

Railroads n 1820 s-1830 s: played secondary role n Weaknesses: - Lines were short; didn’t connect - Tracks were different gauges - Schedules erratic -Wreaks common

Railroads cont. n 1840 s-1850 s: Advances led railroads to be dominant - More miles of track - Consolidation of lines - Support from private & public (land grants) - Further divided North & South

Magnetic Telegraph n Permitted instant communication n Lines more extensive in North n Led to creation of Associated Press

Economic Developments n US businesses grew quickly n Growth of corporations - in 1830 s - Due to changes in laws - Limited Liability n Credit limited growth

Rise of the Factory n Spread quickly in 1820 s n Most productive capacity in NE n Advances in technology - Manufacturing of machine tools - Principle of Interchangeable parts - New sources of energy (coal) - American inventors were prolific

Eli Whitney’s Gun Factory

John Deere & the Steel Plow (1837)

Cyrus Mc. Cormick & the Mechanical Reaper: 1831

Labor n Changes in agriculture led workers to go to factories n 2 systems of recruitment - Whole families from farms to factories - Young women (Lowell or Waltham system)

Lowell Girls

Lowell Boarding Houses

Working Conditions n n n Began to decline in 1830 s & 1840 s More immigrants 12 -14 hour workday $4 to 10/week Artisans began to form craft societies & trade unions

Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842) n Massachusetts Supreme Court n Unions were legal organizations n Strikes were legal

American Society n Increasing concentration of wealth - There was mobility (social & geographical) - Political opportunities n Wealthy - Concentrated in large cities - Culture of wealth was created

American Society cont. n Poor - Significant number in cities - Free blacks, Irish, widows n Middle Class - Fastest growing class in US - Most influential cultural form in US