Chapter 8 APUSH Mrs Price Happiness is when

Chapter 8 APUSH Mrs. Price “Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony. ” - Mahatma Gandhi

Aftermath of War of 1812: The American System n Proposed by Henry Clay (KY) n Purpose: encourage economic growth of US and reduce dependency on Europe n 3 Parts: 1. Protective Tariffs 2. National Bank 3. Internal Improvements (roads & canals)

Aftermath of War of 1812 n Stimulated growth of manufacturing 1. Francis Cabot Lowell: Waltham, MA (1813) 2. 1816: Protective tariff passed to help new industries

n Exposed weakness of financial system 1. 2 nd Bank of the US chartered in 1816 2. Had more capital than 1 st Bank of US n Exposed weakness of transportation system 1. Resistance to using federal $ for roads & canals 2. States had to take care of internal improvements

Western Expansion n West became fastest growing region n New states admitted: IN (1816), MS (1817), IL (1818), AL (1819) n Reasons: 1. Population & economic pressures in east 2. Availability of new land in west 3. Decline of Indian resistance

Why did the Indians lose land? n Government pushed tribes further west n Treaties in 1815 forced Indians to give up more land n Government built chain of forts to protect the frontier n Government created the “factor system”

Monroe’s Administration 1816 n Era of Good Feelings 1. Early years of Monroe’s administration 2. No international threats 3. Prosperous 4. Decline in partisanship n

The Election of 1816

US gets Florida n Andrew Jackson invades Florida to stop Indian raids (Seminole War) n Adams-Onis Treaty (1819): Spain ceded all of Florida & gave up its claim to territory in the Pacific NW, US gave up claims to Texas

Panic of 1819 n Caused by land boom on frontier n Bank of US tightened credit & called in loans; state banks failed = financial panic n Depression, bankruptcies, & unemployment n Hit west hard – many blamed Bank of US

Missouri Compromise (1820) n 1819: MO asked to be admitted as state n At the time: 11 free & 11 slave n Tallmadge Amendment: passed by House, defeated in Senate n Compromise – Henry Clay – MO admitted as slave state; ME as free state – Slavery was prohibited in rest of territory of Louisiana Purchase north of 36° 30’ – Did not resolve anything – just postponed fight

The Marshall Court John Marshall – chief Justice of Supreme Court (1801 -1835) n Federalist n Strengthened power of judiciary, federal government, & propertied & commercial classes n

Significant Cases of the Marshall Court n Fletcher v. Peck (1810) 1. Case involved land fraud case in GA 2. Marshall ruled that a state could not pass laws invalidating a contract; protected property rights 3. 1 st time S. Court declared a state law to be unconstitutional

n Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) 1. NH tried to convert private college to state 2. Court upheld colonial contract n Cohens v. Virginia (1821) 1. Dispute over selling lottery tickets 2. Marshall asserted right of S. Court to review decisions of state courts

n Mc. Culloch v. Maryland (1819) 1. Maryland tried to tax branch of Bank of US 2. Issue: did Congress have the power to create a bank? 3. Marshall ruled federal government had implied powers to create a bank 4. State could not tax a federal institution; Federal laws are supreme over state laws

n Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) 1. Issue: could NY grant a monopoly to a steamboat co. if that action conflicted with a charter authorized by Congress? 2. Marshall ruled Congress alone could control interstate commerce

The Court & Indian Tribes n Johnson v. Mc. Intosh (1823) n Worcester v. Georgia (1831 -1832)

Monroe Doctrine (1823) n Non-colonization of the Americas n Nonintervention in the Americas n Other countries should stay out of the Americas

Election of 1824 n 4 main candidates: A. Jackson, H. Clay, W. Crawford, & J. Q. Adams n Jackson received most popular votes, not majority of electoral

Election of 1824 Popular Vote Electoral Vote Andrew Jackson 43% 99 J. Q. Adams 31% 32 William Crawford 13% 41 Henry Clay 13% 37 Candidate

House of R. had to choose between top 3 1. Clay eliminated (not in top 3) but he was Speaker of House 2. Crawford eliminated because he had a stroke 3. Clay supported Adams who was selected by House 4. Adams appointed Clay Sec. of State (“Corrupt Bargain”)

John Quincy Adams n Successful Sec. of State n Fewer than 1/3 of voters had voted for him n Refused to use spoils system n Adams’ views were often out of step with nation

Issue of Tariffs n 1828 “Tariff of Abominations”: increased tariffs on raw materials & manufactured goods n Issue created regional conflict