Cellular Organelles Eukaryotic cells Animal and plant cells

Cellular Organelles Eukaryotic cells Animal and plant cells

The cell n Most microscopic ¡ n Differ in size and shape 3 main parts of the cell ¡ ¡ ¡ Plasma membrane Cytoplasm nucleus

Cell membrane Phospholipid bilayer n Regulates materials in and out of the cell n Contains proteins, carbs and cholesterol within the membrane n

Nuclear membrane and nuclear pores n Allow materials in and out of nucleus via the nuclear pores (small openings found within the membrane)

Nucleus n n Surrounded by nuclear envelope Contains DNA – heredity information

Nucleolus n n Site where ribosomes are synthesized Found within the nucleus

Ribosomes n n Involved in protein synthesis No membrane Made of proteins and RNA Individual or attached to Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

DNA n n n Genetic material Double helix Provides instructions for proteins, regulate cellular activities, cellular reproduction

Cytoplasm n Cell interior, internal living material ¡ n Consists of organelles and fluid space from cell membrane and nucleus

cytoskeleton n Provide support for the cell Aids in the movement of organelles 2 components ¡ ¡ Microfilaments microtubules

Endoplasmic Reticulum n n Intracellular highway Rough ¡ ¡ n Covered with ribosomes Synthesis of proteins Smooth ¡ ¡ No ribosomes Synthesis of lipids, breakdown of toxins

Vesicle n Small membrane sac that transports materials in cell

Golgi Apparatus (bodies) n n n Processing, packaging and secretion Stack of flattened sacs Modifies proteins for export

Lysosomes n n n Digestive, breaks down old organelles and substances Secretes enzymes, high p. H Not in plants

Mitochondria n n Powerhouse of cell Supplies energy for the cell Contains own DNA Has a double membrane

Cell Wall n n n Found only in plant cells Give support and protection Contains cellulose

Chloroplasts n n n Light energy is converted to chemical energy ( photosynthesis) Contains green pigment – chlorophyll Found only in plant cells

Central Vacuole n n Large membrane bound space found in plant cell Stores water, nutrients and wastes When full, plant cells are rigid, making plant stand upright Animal cells do have small vacuoles

Flagella and Cilia n Cilia ¡ ¡ n Short, hairlike Numerous Locomotion Seen in respiratory system Flagella ¡ ¡ ¡ Long, whiplike Less numerous Used mostly for locomotion

Centrioles n n Aid in cell division of animal cell only Composed on microtubules