African Americans in Depression and New Deal Extra

African Americans in Depression and New Deal

Extra Credit Opportunity Oct. 23 l l Oct. 23 (Monday) 7 p. m. Huddleston Ballroom Free but must register at cola. unh. edu/ericfoner One-page response by Oct. 25

Midterm -- Monday l l l Blue Book Open-book, open-note (anything on paper) Identifications: short paragraph; include significance Essay: Evidence from readings/lectures To study: Powerpoints, chronology, other handouts

Migration Continues: Example: Cleveland, 1890 -1930

De Facto Segregation in Housing Black Cleveland 1910 Black Cleveland 1930

Factory Labor: Ford Motor in Detroit Ford Motor Company scenes

Discrimination in white collar work l Cleveland: – 45% of white women in clerical work – 2. 5% of black women in clerical work. l Chicago – Banks – total of 7 black employees – Drug Stores – 2/3 hired no black workers

The Great Depression 1929 - 1939 l Mass unemployment (25%) – African Americans “Last Hired, First Fired” l Agriculture—very low prices, especially cotton

The CP Defends the Scottsboro Boys l l l 1931 – first trials & convictions 1933: Powell v. Alabama – overturned – lack of good counsel (5 th Amendment) 1933 retrials 1935: Norris v. Alabama overturned – no blacks on juries (14 th Amendment) 1936 – 5 of 9 convicted and sent to prison

Franklin D. Roosevelt l l l Democrat Elected 1932 2/3 of African Americans voted for Herbert Hoover The “New Deal”

Some Major Programs l Government jobs and construction projects l Minimum Wage l Protection for Unions l Social Security

Discrimination against African Americans Southern states: discrimination against blacks in jobs Minimum wage and protection for union organizing: Did not apply to agricultural and domestic work Social Security: not available for agricultural and domestic work

Discrimination in housing programs l Federal support for mortgage loans l No loans allowed in integrated neighborhoods

Beginnings of Change: Eleanor Roosevelt With Mary Mc. Leod Bethune