Advanced Searching Reference Management Pawin Numthavaj M D

Advanced Searching & Reference Management Pawin Numthavaj M. D. Section for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand www. ceb-rama. org

Systematic Review Process 1 • Formulate Review Question 2 • Locate/identify Study 3 • Define Inclusion & Exclusion Criteria 4 • Select Studies 5 • Risk of Bias Assessment (Quality Assessment) 6 • Extract Data 7 • Analyze and Present Results 8 • Interpret Results

Study Identification Process Select Database(s) to Use Develop Search Strategy Modify Search Strategy Searching Explore Results from Searching Export into Reference Manager

Database Journal Articles Databases • MEDLINE • EMBASE • SCOPUS • Cochrane databases • DARE (Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects) • Web of Science • CINAHL • Psyc. INFO • Etc. Grey Literature • Organization reports • Governmental reports • Conference Proceedings • Dissertation & Theses • Web

Multiple Databases MEDLINE CINAHL EMBASE

P AND Bell Palsy Idiopathic Facial Palsy Acyclovir Antiviral Valacyclovir I AND Prednisolone Steroid Methylprednisolone Prednisolone C Steroid AND Recovery Rate O House-Brackmann Scale Methylprednisolone Sunnybrook Scale

Group Your Question into Terms • Terms #1 • Subject Headings • Text words • Terms #2 • Subject Headings • Text words • Terms #3 • Subject Headings • Text words Antiviral “Antiviral agents” “Antivirus”, “Antiviral drug”, … Steroid “Steroids” “Steroid”, “Prednisolone”, … Bell Palsy “Bell Palsy”, “Idiopathic facial paralysis”, …

Combination of Search Terms • Use “AND” between domains (P/I/C/O) • Use “OR” inside domains for similar terms or terms that have several synonyms

Query Example P I Query Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Search Query Facial nerve. mp. or exp Facial Nerve/ Paralysis. mp. or exp Paralysis/ 1 and 2 Facial Nerve Paraly$. mp. exp Facial Paralysis/ Fac$ Paralys$. mp. Idiopath$. mp. (3 or 4 or 5 or 6) and 7 Palsy. mp. or exp Palsy/ $ Pals$. mp. 8 or 9 or 10 Antiviral Agents. mp. or exp Antiviral Agents/ Antivir$. mp. Ac? clovir. mp. or exp Acyclovir/ Valac? clovir. mp. 11 and (12 or 13 or 14 or 15) limit 16 to randomized controlled trial Number of Results 13645 73267 4306 727 8942 9465 64950 430 475 1619 1828 216400 59495 11784 758 149 9

Subject Headings Database Subject Headings MEDLINE Me. SH EMBASE EMTREE CINAHL Headings Cochrane Library MESH Psyc. INFO Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms SCOPUS N/A Web of Science N/A

Search Engine and Database Search Engine Database(s) Pub. Med MEDLINE Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, … Scopus SCOPUS

Advanced Pub. Med Searching

Pub. Med • Free search engine • Comprises of MEDLINE database • Maintain by US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health • First released in 1996 • Accessed from “http: //www. pubmed. gov”

MEDLINE • 1946 to present material • 5, 600 journals in 39 languages • 2, 000 - 4, 000 references added each day • Biomedicine and health

Frequently Used Functions in Pub. Med 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. MESH Search Operators Limits Clipboard Save searches Advanced search Citation matcher Clinical Queries Retrieval of full text paper

MESH • Medical Subject Heading • “Tag” of subject in database

Search Operators • Truncated search term (wildcards) • flavor* = flavoring + flavored + flavors • synerchi* = synerchiae + synerchia • Combining search terms • AND • OR • NOT • ()

Limits • Filter unwanted results • Age: infants, adults, … • Article types: original studies, RCTs, Metaanalysis, … • Article language • Human/animal • Recently published

Clipboard • Stored items for later review • Max 500 items • 8 hours before deleted • Send to ‘collection’ instead if you want to permanently stored • (Need My NCBI account)

Saved search • Save for later updates • Useful when you’re doing systematic review • Can also automatically e-mail updates

Advanced Search • Search in command linebased • Useful for complex searches • Use # for referring to previous searches • Operators: AND, OR, NOT, and ()

Download History • CSV File • Open in Spreadsheet programs (Excel) • For use in report of search strategy supplementary table

Export to End. Note

Export to End. Note • Send To command • File • Choose MEDLINE • In End. Note choose Pub. Med (NLM) • Citation manager • . nbib End. Note • Limit 200 article maximum

Citation Matcher • Locate an article when you know the author name / title / journal name / volume / pages • http: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/citmatch or visit pubmed. gov and look for Single Citation Matcher

Advanced Scopus Searching

SCOPUS • Elsevier Company • 4, 600 health science titles • 100% MEDLINE coverage • 100% EMBASE coverage • Additional titles including both English and non-English Scopus umbretta

Advanced Scopus Searching • Exact phase/Loose phase searching • Field codes • Wildcards • Boolean Operators • Proximity Operators • Search History • Combining Multiple Searches

• Exact phase searching • Use phase in braces { } {oral thrush} • Loose/approximate phase searching • Use phase in quotation marks “ ” “heart attack” • Ignore punctuation (same as “heart-attack”) • Plurals included (also find articles with “heart attacks”) • Can use wildcards

Field codes • Search only in specific field(s) • Can be upper/lower case • fieldcode(search term) • Ex: TITLE-ABS-KEY(“prion disease”) • Search only in title, abstract, and keywords

Field Codes Meaning ABS AUTH KEY Abstract Author Keywords of article LANGUAGE PAGEFIRST PUBYEAR TITLE-ABS-KEY-AUTH Language of article First page Publication year Title + Abstract + Keyword + Author

Wildcards ? : single character in a word Paralys? s : Paralysis, Paralyses * : 0 or more characters H*matology: Hematology, Haematology, Hmatology

Boolean Operators • AND • OR • AND NOT

Proximity Operator • PRE/n “precedes by number of terms” • W/n “within number of terms” pain W/15 morphine • “pain” and “morphine” within 15 words behavioral PRE/3 disturbances • “behavioral” within 3 terms preceding “disturbances”

• n = 0 – 255 • Same phrase: 3, 4, 5 • Same sentence: 15 • Same paragraph: 50 • Adjacent: 0 • Can combine with wildcards • ship* PRE/0 channel

Search History

Combine multiple searches • Use Boolean operators • (#1 AND #2) AND NOT #3

Saved search, Email

Reporting the search process in systematic review protocol • Databases • Earliest date of each databases • Language/publication status restriction • Grey literature sources • Journal/conference proceeding that will be hand search • Other source such as reference lists/internet

Reporting search process in systematic review • Abstract • Database searched • Dates of last search • Language/publication status restriction • Individuals/organization contacted • Methods • Database • Date of last search and period searched • Language/publication status restriction • Grey literature sources • Individuals/organization contacted • Journal/conference proceedings specifically hand-searched • Any other sources (reference lists, internet) • Full search strategies for each database in Appendix