ACE PERSONAL TRAINER MANUAL 5 TH EDITION Chapter

ACE PERSONAL TRAINER MANUAL 5 TH EDITION Chapter 7: Functional Assessments: Posture, Movement, Core, Balance, and Flexibility Lesson 7. 1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES • After completing this session, you will be able to: ü Explain the relationship between common postural deviations and the corresponding muscle imbalances that may occur ü Differentiate between correctible and non-correctible factors for muscle imbalances and postural deviations ü Utilize the right angle rule model and demonstrate the use of the plumb line to note postural asymmetries and gross deviations ü List the five common deviations and analyze common observations, muscle imbalance relationships, and anatomical positioning for each ü Evaluate and record client postural deviations using the postural-deviation worksheet © 2014 ACE

MOVEMENT • Movement starts from a static base or alignment of the body segments (posture). • Postural assessments evaluate body-segment alignment. • Movement screens evaluate how posture impacts the ability to move. © 2014 ACE

STATIC POSTURAL ASSESSMENT • Offers insight into: ü ü © 2014 ACE Muscle imbalances Altered neural action Potentially dysfunctional movement Tight or shortened muscles

POSTURAL DEVIATIONS © 2014 ACE

POSTURAL DEVIATIONS AND MUSCLE IMBALANCES © 2014 ACE

POSTURAL DEVIATIONS AND MUSCLE IMBALANCES © 2014 ACE

POSTURAL DEVIATIONS AND MUSCLE IMBALANCES • Comparison of normal posture versus scoliosis • Notice the deviations that occur at the shoulders and the hips. © 2014 ACE

MOVEMENT EFFICIENCY PATTERN • Proper postural alignment promotes optimal neural activity of the muscles controlling a joint. © 2014 ACE

POSTURAL DEVIATIONS AND MUSCLE IMBALANCES • Correctible factors: ü Repetitive movements ü Awkward positions and movements ü Side dominance ü Lack of joint stability ü Lack of joint mobility ü Imbalanced strength-training programs • Non-correctible factors: ü ü © 2014 ACE Congenital conditions Some pathologies Structural deviations Certain types of trauma

RIGHT-ANGLE RULE OF POSTURE ASSESSMENT © 2014 ACE

STATIC POSTURE ASSESSMENT • Objective is to observe the client’s symmetry against a plumb line • Instruct the client to wear form-fitting, athletic-style clothing to expose as many joints and bony landmarks as possible. • Focus on the obvious, gross imbalances and avoid getting caught up in minor asymmetries. © 2014 ACE

CHRONOLOGICAL PLAN FOR CONDUCTING ASSESSMENTS © 2014 ACE

DEVIATION 1: FOOT PRONATION/SUPINATION • Both feet should face forward in parallel or with slight (8 to 10 degrees) external rotation. • Toes should be aligned in the same direction as the feet. • Any excessive pronation (arch flattening) or supination (high arches) at the subtalar joint should be noted. © 2014 ACE

KINETIC CHAIN © 2014 ACE

DEVIATION 2: HIP ADDUCTION • A lateral tilt of the pelvis that elevates one hip higher than the other • Can be seen in people with leglength discrepancies • Progressively lengthens and weakens the right hip abductors, which are unable to hold the hip level © 2014 ACE posterior view

DEVIATION 3: PELVIC TILTING © 2014 ACE

DEVIATION 3: PELVIC TILTING © 2014 ACE

DEVIATION 4: SHOULDER POSITION AND THE THORACIC SPINE © 2014 ACE

DEVIATION 4: SHOULDER POSITION AND THE THORACIC SPINE • Scapular Protraction and Winging © 2014 ACE

DEVIATION 4: SHOULDER POSITION AND THE THORACIC SPINE © 2014 ACE

DEVIATION 5: HEAD POSITION © 2014 ACE

POSTURAL ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST © 2014 ACE

SUMMARY • • © 2014 ACE Personal trainers should consider conducting a static postural assessment on clients as an initial assessment. Muscle imbalance and postural deviations can be attributed to many factors that are both correctible and non-correctible. Proper postural alignment promotes optimal neural activity of the muscles controlling and moving the joint. When joints are correctly aligned, the length-tension relationships and force-coupling relationships function efficiently.