Using MIS 10 th Edition Chapter 6 The

Using MIS 10 th Edition Chapter 6 The Cloud Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -1

“How About $10 Per Terabyte? ” • Lease storage capacity from third party. • All incoming data from drones automatically uploaded. • Average monthly storage costs cut at least 50%. • Power savings, backup time saved, no new hardware configuration. • One-time set up and development costs. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -2

Study Questions Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? Q 6 -3 What network technology supports the cloud? Q 6 -4 How does the Internet work? Q 6 -5 How do web servers support the cloud? Q 6 -6 How can Falcon Security use the cloud? Q 6 -7 How can organizations use cloud services securely? Q 6 -8 2027? Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -3

Benefits of the Cloud Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? • The Cloud – Elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the Internet – Elastic § Automatically adjusts for unpredictable demand § Limits financial risks – Pooled § Same physical hardware § Economies of scale Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -4

Where did the Cloud come from? Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? • The Mainframe Era (1960 s– 1980 s) – Large-scale high-speed centralized computers. – Thin clients, no Internet, and no Cloud. • The Client-Server Era (1990 s– 2000 s) – Allowed clients (users) to send requests across the Internet to servers. – Internet, but no modern cloud computing yet. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -5

The Mainframe Era (1960 s– 1980 s) Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? Figure 6 -1 The Mainframe Era (1960 s– 1980 s) Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -6

The Client-Server Era (1990 s– 2000 s) Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? Figure 6 -2 The Client-Server Era (1990 s– 2000 s) Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -7

Where did the Cloud come from? (cont’d) Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? • The Cloud Computing Era (2008–Current) – Applications, data, and processing power can be used remotely. – Accessed with a variety of devices including PCs, thin clients, mobile devices, and Io. T devices. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -8

The Cloud Computing Era (2008–Current) Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? Figure 6 -3 The Cloud Computing Era (2008–Current) Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -9

Why Do Organizations Prefer the Cloud? Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? • Lower costs – cheap processors, essentially free data communication and storage. • Ubiquitous access • Improved scalability • Elasticity • Virtualization technology • Internet-based standards enable flexible, standardized processing capabilities. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -10

Growth of Amazon Web Services Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? Figure 6 -4 AWS Revenue Growth Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -11

When Does the Cloud Not Make Sense? Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? • When law or standard industry practice require physical control or possession of the data. – Financial institutions legally required to maintain physical control over its data. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -12

Why Is the Cloud Preferred to In-House Hosting? Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? Cloud In-house Positive: Small capital requirements Control of data location Speedy development In-depth visibility of security and disaster preparedness Superior scalability to growing or fluctuating demand Known cost structure Possibly best-of-breed security/disaster preparedness No obsolescence Industry-wide economies of scale, hence cheaper Focus on core business, not infrastructure Figure 6 -5 Comparison of Cloud and In-House Alternatives Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -13

Why Is the Cloud Preferred to In-House Hosting? (cont'd) Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? Cloud In-house Negative: Dependency on vendor Significant capital required Loss of control over data location Significant development effort Little visibility into true security and disaster preparedness capabilities Difficult (impossible? ) to accommodate fluctuating demand Ongoing support costs Staff and train personnel Increased management requirements Annual maintenance costs Cost uncertainties Obsolescence Figure 6 -5 Comparison of Cloud and In-House Alternatives Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -14

Using the Cloud Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? • Resource Elasticity – A car manufacturer runs an ad during the Academy Awards. – Doesn’t know if there will be a thousand, a million, 10 million, or even more site visits. – Cloud vendor will programmatically increase server capacity. – The car manufacturer reduces costs substantially. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -15

Example of a Video Banner Ad Customer Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? Figure 6 -6 Example Video Banner Ad Customer Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -16

Pooling Resources Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? • Economies of scale – Average cost decreases as size of operation increases. – Major cloud vendors operate enormous data centers (Web farms). Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -17

Apple Data Center in Maiden, NC Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? • Billion-dollar facility contains more than 500, 000 sq. ft. Figure 6 -7 Apple Data Center in Maiden, NC Source: Google Earth Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -18

Transportation as a Service (metaphor) Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? Figure 6 -8 Transportation as a Service Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -19

Types of Cloud Service Offerings Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? Cloud Service Users Examples Saa. S Employees Customers Salesforce. com i. Cloud Office 365 Paa. S Application developers Application testers Google App Engine Microsoft Azure AWS Elastic Beanstalk Iaa. S Network architects Systems administrators Amazon EC 2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) Amazon S 3 (Simple Storage Service) Figure 6 -9 Three Fundamental Cloud Types Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -20

Comparison of Cloud Service Offerings Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? Figure 6 -10 Cloud Service Offerings Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -21

Content Delivery Networks from Cloud Vendors Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? • Content delivery network (CDN) – Stores user data in many different geographical locations and makes data available on demand. – Specialized type of Paa. S, but usually considered in its own category. – Minimizes latency. – Used to store and deliver content seldom changed. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -22

Traditional Server Content Distribution Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? Figure 6 -11 Traditional Server Content Distribution Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -23

Distributed CDN Servers Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? Figure 6 -12 Distributed CDN Servers Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -24

CDN Benefits Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? Figure 6 -13 Benefits of Content Delivery Networks Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -25

Using Web Services Internally Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? Figure 6 -14 Web Services Principles Applied to Inventory Applications Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -26

Types of Networks Q 6 -3 What network technology supports the cloud? Type Characteristic Personal area network (PAN) Devices connected around a single person Local area network (LAN) Computers connected at a single physical site Wide area network (WAN) Computers connected between two or more separated sites The Internet and internets Networks of networks Figure 6 -15 Basic Network Types Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -27

Cloudy Profit? Ethics Guide • Data broker (or data aggregator). • Acquiring and analyzing market, buyer, and seller data for real estate agents. • Alliance transitioned data storage and processing from own Web farm to the cloud. • Improved speed and quality of data services at fraction of prior costs, cut in-house hardware support staff by 65%. • Plowing money back into R&D. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -28

Typical Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) LAN Q 6 -3 What network technology supports the cloud? Figure 6 -16 Typical Small Office/Home Office (SOHO) LAN Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -29

Abbreviations Used for Communications and Computer Memory Speeds Q 6 -3 What network technology supports the cloud? • Communications equipment, • K(ilo) = 1, 000, not 1, 024 (as for memory); • M(ega) = 1, 000, not 1, 024 × 1, 024; • G(iga) = 1, 000, not 1, 024 × 1, 024. § 100 Mbps =100, 000 bits per second. • Communications speeds expressed in bits, memory sizes in bytes. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -30

LAN Protocol Q 6 -3 What network technology supports the cloud? • IEEE 802. 3 § Wired LAN § 10/1000 Mbps § Ethernet • IEEE 802. 11 – Wireless LAN – 802. 11 ac – Speeds up to 1. 3 Gbps • Bluetooth – Transmits data short distances. – Connect computer, keyboard, mouse, printer, smartphones, smartwatches, automobiles, sports equipment, clothing. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -31

Connecting Your LAN to the Internet Q 6 -3 What network technology supports the cloud? Important ISP functions: 1. Provide legitimate Internet address. 2. Provide gateway to Internet. 3. Pay access fees and other charges to telecoms. • WAN wireless average performance 1 Mbps, with peaks of up to 3. 0 Mbps. • Typical wireless LAN 50 Mbps. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -32

Summary of LAN Networks Q 6 -3 What network technology supports the cloud? Type Topology Transmission Line Local area UTP or optical network fiber Transmission Speed Common: 10/1000 Mbps Possible: 1 Gbps Local area network Local area UTP or optical network for nonwireless Up to 600 Mbps with connections wireless Equipment Used Protocol Commonly Used Switch IEEE 802. 3 NIC (Ethernet) UTP or optical Switches connect devices, multiple switches on all but small LANs. Wireless IEEE 802. 11 n, access point (802. 11 ac not yet Wireless NIC common) Access point transforms wired LAN (802. 3) to wireless LAN (802. 11). Personal: Upstream DSL modem to 1 Mbps, modem to DSL telephone downstream to 40 DSL-capable DSL ISP Mbps (max 10 likely telephone line in most areas) Connections Cable to the Cable TV lines modem to Internet to optical cable ISP WAN wireless Wireless connection to WAN Figure 6 -17 Summary of LAN Networks Upstream to 1 Mbps Cable modem Downstream 300 Cable TV Cable Kbps to 10 Mbps cable 500 Kbps to 1. 7 Mbps Remarks Can have computer and phone use simultaneously. Always connected. Capacity is shared with other sites; performance varies depending on others’ use. Sophisticated protocols Wireless One of several enables several devices to WAN modem wireless standards use the same wireless frequency. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -33

Postal System vs. the Internet Q 6 -4 How does the Internet work? Steps to Send Package Postal System Internet Equivalent 1. Assemble package Packet 2. Put name on package Person’s name (e. g. , Big. Bank Inc. or Jane Smith) Domain name (e. g. , www. Big. Bank. com) 3. Look up address Phone book DNS 4. Put address on package Mailing address (e. g. , 123 Park Ave, New York, NY, 10172) IP address (e. g. , 10. 84. 8. 154) 5. Put registered mail sticker on package Registered Mail TCP 6. Ship package Airlines (e. g. , Delta Air Lines, Inc. ) Airports (e. g. , Seattle-Tacoma International Airport) Carriers (e. g. , Sprint Corp. ) Routers Figure 6 -18 Comparison of the Postal System and the Internet Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -34

Public IP Addresses Q 6 -4 How does the Internet work? • IPv 4 – E. g. 137. 190. 8. 10 – Dotted decimal notation – Only about 4 billion addresses (not enough) • IPv 6 – E. g. 0: 0: 0: ffff: 89 be: 80 a – Hexadecimal notation – 340 undecillion addresses Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -35

Domain Name System (DNS) Q 6 -4 How does the Internet work? • Domain name § Unique name affiliated with a public IP address. § Dynamic affiliation of domain names with IP addresses. § Multiple domain names for same IP address. • URL (Uniform Resource Locator) § Internet address protocol, such as http: // or ftp: //. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -36

Private vs. Public IP Addresses Q 6 -4 How does the Internet work? • Public IP addresses § Identifies a unique device on Internet. § Assigned by ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers). • Private IP addresses § Identifies a device on a private network, usually a LAN. § Assignment LAN controlled. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -37

IP Addressing: Major Benefits Q 6 -4 How does the Internet work? • Public IP addresses conserved – One public IP address per LAN. • Using private IP addresses – Eliminates registering public IP address with ICANN -approved agencies. – Protects against direct attack. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -38

Domain Registry Company Q 6 -4 How does the Internet work? Figure 6 -19 Go. Daddy Screenshot Source: © 2015 Go. Daddy Operating Company, LLC. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -39

Packets & Carriers Q 6 -4 How does the Internet work? • Messages, broken into packets. • TCP guarantees delivery of packets. • Packets move across Internet, passing through networks owned by telecom carriers. • Peering agreements - Carriers freely exchange traffic amongst themselves without paying access fees. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -40

Net Neutrality Q 6 -4 How does the Internet work? • Net neutrality principle – All data treated equally. – Carriers should not be allowed to: § Decide which sites load quickly § Decide which apps are allowed on a network § Decide which content is acceptable • Problem: some people use more bandwidth than others. – Netflix, for example, accounts for more than 30 percent of all Internet traffic in North America between 9 PM and 12 AM Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -41

The Cloud Resides in the Internet Q 6 -4 How does the Internet work? Figure 6 -20 Using the Internet to Request a Web Page Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -42

Processing on a Web Server Q 6 -5 How do web servers support the cloud? • What happens when you visit a Web site and order something, and pay for it? Figure 6 -21 Sample of Commerce Server Pages; Product Offer Pages Source: Courtesy of Zulily Inc. Used by permission. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -43

Three-Tier Architecture Q 6 -5 How do web servers support the cloud? Figure 6 -22 Three-Tier Architecture Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -44

Watch the Three Tiers in Action! Sample of Commerce Server Page Q 6 -5 How do web servers support the cloud? 1. Commerce server requests shoe data from DBMS. 2. DBMS reads from database, returns data to commerce server. 3. Commerce server formats Web page with data and sends html version of page to user’s computer. 4. Customer places items in shopping cart. Figure 6 -23 Product Page Source: Courtesy of Zulily Inc. Used by permission 5. Customer checks out, commerce server program processes payment, schedules inventory processing, arranges shipping, email receipt to customer. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -45

SOA Analogy: Approval Request Interactions Among Three Departments Q 6 -5 How do web servers support the cloud? • Check. Customer. Credit • Approve. Customer. Credit • Verify. Inventory. Amount • Allocate. Inventory • Release. Allocated. Inventory Figure 6 -24 Approval Request Interactions Among Three Departments Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -46

Using SOA Principles, Each Department Defines: Q 6 -5 How do web servers support the cloud? • Check. Customer. Credit – Approve. Customer. Credit • Inventory Department – Verify. Inventory. Amount – Allocate. Inventory – Release. Allocated. Inventory • Each department formally states data to receive with request and data promised to return in response. • Every interaction done exactly same way. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -47

Using SOA Principles: Encapsulation Q 6 -5 How do web servers support the cloud? • No department needs to know who works in another department, or how dept. accomplishes work. • Each department free to change personnel task assignments, change processes for performing services. • Falcon Security could dynamically create 1, 000 Inventory Departments and Sales Department with no need to change anything it does. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -48

SOA Principles Applied to Three-Tier Architecture Q 6 -5 How do web servers support the cloud? • Services – Obtain. Part. Data – Obtain. Part. Images – Obtain. Part. Quantity On. Hand – Order. Part • Java. Script written to invoke these services correctly. Figure 6 -25 SOA Principles Applied to Three-Tier Architecture Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -49

Protocols Supporting Web Services Q 6 -5 How do web servers support the cloud? Figure 6 -26 Protocols That Support Web Services Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -50

WSDL, SOAP, XML, and JSON Q 6 -5 How do web servers support the cloud? WSDL (Web Services Description Language) Standard for describing services, inputs, outputs, other data supported by a Web service. Documents coded machine readable and used by developer tools for creating programs to access the service. SOAP (no longer an acronym) Protocol for requesting Web services and for sending responses to Web service requests. XML (e. Xtensible Markup Language) Used for transmitting documents. Contains metadata to validate format and completeness of a document, includes considerable overhead. JSON (Java. Script Object Notation) Markup language used for transmitting documents. Contains little metadata. Preferred for transmitting volumes of data between servers and browsers. While notation in format of Java. Script objects, JSON documents can be processed by any language. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -51

Example XML and JSON Documents Q 6 -5 How do web servers support the cloud? Figure 6 -27 a Example XML Document Figure 6 -27 b Example JSON Document Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -52

Falcon Security in the Cloud Q 6 -6 How can Falcon Security use the cloud? • Saa. S products Falcon Security could use. – Google Mail – Google Drive – Office 365 – Salesforce. com – Microsoft CRM On. Line – many others. . . Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -53

Paa. S Services from Amazon DBMS Products with Elastic Cloud 2 (EC 2) Q 6 -6 How can Falcon Security use the cloud? • Falcon Security could use CDN to distribute content worldwide and respond to leads generated from advertising. Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS) A relational database service supporting My. SQL, Oracle, SQL Server, or Postgre. SQL Amazon Dynamo. DB A fast and scalable No. SQL database service Amazon Elasti. Cache A very fast in-memory cache database service Amazon Redshift A petabyte-scale data warehouse Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -54

Iaa. S Services at Falcon Security Q 6 -6 How can Falcon Security use the cloud? • Provides basic hardware in the cloud. • May acquire servers to load operating systems. • Considerable technical expertise and management. • Alternative: Use elastic data storage services. • Saa. S and Paa. S provide more added value to Falcon Security. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -55

Organizations Using Cloud Services Securely Q 6 -7 How can organizations use cloud services securely? Figure 6 -28 Remote Access Using VPN; Actual Connections Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -56

Remote Access Using VPN: Apparent Connection Q 6 -7 How can organizations use cloud services securely? Figure 6 -29 Remote Access Using VPN; Apparent Connection Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -57

Private Cloud for Inventory and Other Applications Q 6 -7 How can organizations use cloud services securely? Figure 6 -30 Private Cloud for Inventory and Other Applications Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -58

Accessing Private Cloud over a Virtual Private Network Q 6 -7 How can organizations use cloud services securely? Figure 6 -31 Accessing Private Cloud over a Virtual Private Network Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -59

Using A Virtual Private Cloud Q 6 -7 How can organizations use cloud services securely? • Subset of a Public Cloud With Highly Restricted, Secure Access Figure 6 -32 Using a Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -60

The Cloud in 2027 Q 6 -8 2027? • Cloud services faster, more secure, easier to use, cheaper. • Fewer organizations own their computing infrastructure. • More pooling of servers across organizations. • Overall size of the cloud gets bigger. • Individuals, small businesses, large organizations obtain elastic resources at very low cost. • Cloud fosters new categories of work. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -61

The Cloud in 2027 (cont’d) Q 6 -8 2027? • Remote action systems – Telediagnosis – Telesurgery – Telelaw enforcement – Provide services in dangerous locations. – Watch top-notch performers and performances. • New cloud services – Analytics as a Service (Aaa. S) – Business Process as a Service (BPaa. S) Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -62

Quantum Learning So What? • Machine learning is the ability of computers to learn dynamically rather than being explicitly coded. – Based on the iterative generation of models. – Adapts models and interprets them differently over time. – Allows the computer to identify patterns and other insights independently. – Quantum computing could advance machine learning due to increased processing power. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -63

From Anthem to Anathema Security Guide • Greater accessibility data more accessible to hackers. 80 million customers affected. § Stole names, addresses, Social Security numbers, and salaries. § Stored in plain text. § Lawsuits filed. • Premera Blue Cross § Bank-account and medical data of 11 million customers. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -64

Senior Network Manager Career Guide Rebecca Cengiz-Robbs at Carbonite Q. What attracted you to this field? A. “I was attracted to IT by the wide variety of disciplines and the abundant opportunities, especially for women. After working as a network administrator and being able to get exposure to storage, backups, computing, security, and networking, I realized I liked networking the best. ” Q. What advice would you give to someone who is considering working in your field? A. “In addition to technical skills and a good work ethic, I’d develop emotional intelligence and build a personal network. Often in IT, it’s who you know and how you get along with people that will help you stand out and advance. ” Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -65

Active Review Q 6 -1 Why are organizations moving to the cloud? Q 6 -2 How do organizations use the cloud? Q 6 -3 What network technology supports the cloud? Q 6 -4 How does the Internet work? Q 6 -5 How do web servers support the cloud? Q 6 -6 How can Falcon Security use the cloud? Q 6 -7 How can organizations use cloud services securely? Q 6 -8 2027? Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -66

Fin. Qloud Forever … Well, At Least For The Required Interval … Case Study 6 • Securities and Exchange Commission (1937). • Securities brokers' records must be stored on media that cannot be altered. • Interpreted to enable storage of records on readwrite medium, provided it includes software to prohibit data alteration (2003). Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -67

Components of the Fin. Qloud System Case Study 6 Figure 6 -33 Components of the Fin. Qloud System Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -68

Fin. Qloud Forever … (cont’d) Case Study 6 • Creates “finger print” based on content of record. • SEC specifically excludes extrinsic controls: – Authentication, passwords, and manual procedures, – Believes such systems could be readily misused to overwrite records. • When properly configured, meets requirements of SEC’s Rule 17 a-3) and similar rules of Commodities Futures Trading Commission. Copyright © 2018, 2017, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved 6 -69