1617 Spring Semester Petrochemical Technology TKK2130 Instructor Rama

16/17 Spring Semester Petrochemical Technology (TKK-2130) Instructor: Rama Oktavian Email: Oktavian. rama 2@gmail. com Office Hr. : M. 10 -15, Tu. 08 -12, W. 13 -15, Th. 13 -15, F. 09 -11

Styrene monomer

Styrene monomer is an industrial chemical derived from petroleum or natural gas by-products and which, under normal conditions, is a clear, colourless liquid • Chemically its IUPAC name is PHENYL ETHENE • Its structure is:

Styrene monomer The key styrene derivatives include: Styrene monomer is typically converted or ‘polymerised’ into pellets which can be heated, fused and moulded into plastic components. - polystyrene (PS) - expandable polystyrene (EPS) - acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) - styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) - unsaturated polyester resins - styrene butadiene latices

Styrene monomer

Styrene monomer Major styrene producers and their capacity in 2013 https: //mcgroup. co. uk/news/20150708/competition-global-styrene-market-grow-years. html

Styrene monomer producer in Indonesia http: //www. barito. co. id/index. php/business/detail/2

Styrene monomer production process Dehydrogenation of ethyl benzene. (Account for 90% of production) Co-product with propylene oxide

Styrene monomer Reaction

Styrene monomer Reaction • The dehydrogenation of Ethyl benzene is an ENDOTHERMIC reaction (ΔH=129. 4 k. J/mol). • The catalyst used is Potassium promoted iron oxide for higher Selectivity and activity • At room temperature equilibrium is shifted toward the reactant side, It can be shifted toward the product side by increasing temperature to 600° C with excess of steam ; with steam EB ratio of 5: 1 to 12: 1. • The pressure condition is kept around 0. 1 bar. • The conversion of 50 to 60% is obtained in technical reactor. • The typical byproducts of the EB dehydrogenation are (~1%) benzene and (~2%) toluene formed by catalytic dealkylation and hydrodealkylation of EB

Styrene monomer Dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene

Styrene monomer Dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene

Styrene monomer Styrene from toluene can be reacted with methanol to produce styrene using a zeolite catalyst.

Polystyrene Styrene production Badger-Total Styrene Process: http: //cpmaindia. com/styrene_about. php

Polystyrene Styrene production Lummus/UOP Process: http: //cpmaindia. com/styrene_about. php

Polystyrene

Polystyrene is a plastic polymer made from the monomer styrene. Structurally, it is a long hydrocarbon chain, with a phenyl group attached to every other carbon atom. Polystyrene is produced by free radical vinyl polymerization, from the monomer styrene

Polystyrene properties

Polystyrene supply chain Bill Kuhlke, Tom Walsh, World Plastic Market Review

Polystyrene supply chain

Polystyrene production process http: //www. cpmaindia. com/ps_about. php

Polyurethane

Polyurethane a unique material that offers elasticity of rubber combined with the toughness and durability of metal. polymers which contain urethane groups (-NH-CO-O-) Characteristic of Polyurethane: Friction Resistant Impact Resistant Chemical Resistance & Corrosion Resistant http: //www. indonesiapolyurethane. com

Polyurethane Application http: //content. edgar-online. com/edgar_conv_img/2004/03/30/0001047469 -04 -010123_G 725235. JPG

Polyurethane Application

Polyurethane Global demand supply The demand for polyurethane dispersions in 2012 was 267. 1 kilo tons and is forecast to reach 369. 3 kilo tons by the end of 2018, growing at a CAGR of 5. 5% between 2012 and 2018. http: //www. transparencymarketresearch. com/polyurethane-dispersions-market. html

Polyurethane Global demand supply http: //www. pudaily. com/Report/YReport. Request. aspx

Polyurethane Global demand supply http: //www. pudaily. com/Report/YReport. Request. aspx

Polyurethane industry http: //polyresearchtech. com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/polyurethane_industry 1. jpg

Polyurethane industry http: //polyresearchtech. com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/polyurethane_industry 1. jpg

Polyurethane producer http: //www. paiz. gov. pl/files/? id_plik=21137

Polyurethane synthesis http: //i 00. i. aliimg. com/img/pb/042/027/451027042_768. jpg

Polyurethane synthesis The basic reaction between a diisocyanate and a polyol produces a polyurethane Catalysts: Amine compounds. Tertiary amines such as triethylene diamine and dimethyl ethanolamine. Organometallic compounds. Based primarily on mercury, lead, tin, bismuth, and zinc.

Terepthalic acid What is it? http: //www. ami. co. id/02_pta. php

Terepthalic acid Application Purified terepthalic acid (PTA) Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) or polyester

Terepthalic acid Application http: //www. indorama. net/EN/our. Businesses/our. Business_PTA_Product. php

Terepthalic acid Process technology http: //www. indorama. net/EN/our. Businesses/our. Business_PTA_Product. php

Terepthalic acid Process technology

Terepthalic acid Process technology

Terepthalic acid PTA plant Indonesia PT. Indorama http: //www. indorama. net/EN/our. Businesses/our. Business_PTA_Facilities_de 03. php

Terepthalic acid PTA plant Indonesia PT. Amoco Mitsui PTA Indonesia http: //www. ami. co. id/01_history. php

Terepthalic acid PTA and PET demand http: //www. pressreleasepoint. com/gbi-polyethylene-terephthalate-pet-market-2020 -reportsresearchcom

Terepthalic acid PET Business http: //www. indorama. net/EN/our. Businesses/our. Business_PTA_Facilities_de 03. php