12 A Interpret relationships predation parasitism commensalism mutualism

12 A Interpret relationships (predation, parasitism, commensalism, mutualism, competition) among organisms

An organisms role in its environment… • An organisms habitat is the area where it lives. • In any environment, every species fills a unique niche. • A niche includes the conditions and resources a species’ needs for survival and how it obtains these resources.

Relationships between Organisms

COMPETITION THE DEMAND BY TWO OR MORE ORGANISMS FOR LIMITED RESOURCES SUCH AS FOOD, WATER OR SHELTER

PREDATION INTERACTION IN WHICH ONE ORGANISM CAPTURES AND FEEDS ON ANOTHER ORGANISM

PREDATOR • LION • THE ORGANISM CAPTURING AND FEEDING ON ANOTHER ORGANISM (THE PREY)

PREY • HIPPO • ORGANISM BEING EATEN

PARASITISM SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH ONE ORGANISM LIVES IN OR ON ANOTHER ORGANISM & CAUSES IT HARM

PARASITE • TICK • ORGANISM LIVING IN OR ON ANOTHER ORGANISM CAUSING IT HARM

HOST • DOG • ORGANISM BEING HARMED BY PARASITE

COMMENSALISM SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH ONE ORGANISM BENEFITS & ANOTHER ORGANISM IS NEITHER HARMED NOR BENEFITS

Whale & Barnacle

Egrets & Cattle

MUTUALISM SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP IN WHICH BOTH ORGANISMS BENEFIT

Clown Fish & Anemone

Flowers & Bees

12 C Analyze the flow of matter & E through trophic levels using various models (food webs, food chains, and ecological pyramids).

AUTOTROPH • aka PRODUCER • an organism that captures E from sunlight or chemicals & use it to produce its own food ex: most plants

HETEROTROPH • aka CONSUMER • an organism that obtains E from the food it consumes ex: humans, snakes, rhino, jaguar

PRIMARY CONSUMER

SECONDARY CONSUMER

TERTIARY CONSUMER

QUATERNARY CONSUMER

HERBIVORE • Organism that obtains E from eating plants

OMNIVORE • Organism that obtains E by eating both plants & animals

CARNIVORE • Organism that obtains E by eating animals

DETRITIVORE • aka DECOMPOSER • Organism that feeds on dead plant & animal material & other dead matter

SCAVENGER • Animals that eat dead animals Ex: Vultures, Tasmanian devils

FOOD CHAIN • the sequence of who eats whom in a biological community (an ecosystem) to obtain nutrition. • starts with the primary energy source • Ends with the top predator

FOOD CHAIN Quaternary consumer Tertiary consumer Secondary consumer Primary consumer Producer

FOOD WEB • Let’s put some food chains together…

Label the organisms in your notes. *organisms can have more than 1 label.

ECOLOGICAL PYRAMID • Represents the producers and consumers in an ecosystem in a pyramid shaped-diagram.

Where does all E come from?

As you go up trophic levels, 10% of Energy is lost. Why?

Most of the E is available at what level?

Biological Magnification the increasing concentration of toxic substances within each successive link in the food chain

As you go up trophic levels, the number contaminants increases.

Fill in the boxes with dots to represent the toxic contaminant.

Do your boxes look like this?