Commensalism Mutualism BIOLBOT 160 Ecology Commensalism One species

Commensalism & Mutualism BIOL/BOT 160 – Ecology

Commensalism One species gains a benefit from another but does not harm the other. Very hard to prove! http: //www. bigsurcalifornia. org/images 2/graywhl. jpg http: //www. scubaduba. com/gallery/shark 2. jpg

Urechis caupo (Fat Inkeeper) Commensal species Permanent Pea crab (Scleroplax granulata) Scale worm (Hesperonoe adventor) Clam (Cryptomya sp. ) Temporary Goby (Clevelandia ios) http: //academic. evergreen. edu/g/goefre 12/symbiosis/commensals. htm http: //www. amonline. net. au/collections/marineinvert s/record. cfm? id=128 http: //www. elkhornslough. org/critters/fatworm. htm http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Image: Pinnotheres_pisum. jpg

Mutualism Both species benefit Mycorrhizae From Smith and Smith: Ecology & Field Biology http: //www. avtreefarm. com/bacterium/mycorr hizae. htm http: //www. avtreefarm. com/bacterium/pic/treated. jpg

Mutualism Ants and Acacia http: //nwiassoc. com/reso urces/SCHALB_YARD_ DSC_7758+web. jpg http: //web. viu. ca/belize/images/invert%20 images/small_acacia_ants. JPG http: //www. vigyanprasar. gov. in/news/65 F 37 EE 1 -AB 0 A-E 264 F 43583 CD 3 E 8 E 381 C_1. jpg

Mutualism What benefit does the plant get? What benefits to the ants get? http: //www. morning-earth. org/Graphic-E/INTERLIVE/Images. Interliving/inter_ant-nectary. jpg

Mutualism Coral Reefs = Only 10% of their diet! http: //www. ri. net/schools/West_Warwick/manateeproject/ocean/imag es/zooplankton 1. jpg http: //www. destination 360. com/north-america/us/california/deserts

Mutualism Coral Reefs Zooxanthellae http: //www. emc. maricopa. edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/01 -zooxanthellae. jpg http: //hypnea. botany. uwc. ac. za/ phylogeny/classif/images/newpo yps. jpg

Mutualism Coral Reefs One of the reasons why Zooxanthellae corals need shallow water http: //www. emc. maricopa. edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/01 -zooxanthellae. jpg http: //hypnea. botany. uwc. ac. za/ phylogeny/classif/images/newpo yps. jpg

Mutualism Coral Reefs Allows a rich and diverse ecosystem http: //www. edugraphics. net/ga 7 -wildlife/images/coral_reef_widlife_poster 2. jpg

Mutualism Flowers and bees http: //www. hickerphoto. com/data/media/185/ wild-flowers_12981. jpg

Mutualism Allows increased fitness for both symbionts Drives co-evolution

Not always beneficial Nutrient poor soils http: //www. avtreefarm. com/b acterium/pic/treated. jpg Mycorrhizae Nutrient rich soils http: //www. avtreefarm. com/b acterium/pic/treated. jpg Mycorrhizae

Mutualism types Obligate symbiotic Physically intertwined and can’t exist independently Lichens Ant Acacia Obligate nonsymbiotic Are not physically intertwined but need each other to survive. http: //web. viu. ca/belize/images/invert%20 images/small_acacia_ants. JPG http: //botit. botany. wisc. edu/images/332/Lichens/Foliose_lichen_130 _d. gif

Mutualism types Non Obligate Rye grass Acremonium http: //www. mycology. adelaide. edu. au/gallery/hyaline_moulds/acrem onium 01. gif http: //www. skrewtips. com/img/sick_cow. jpg http: //www. teepeeheart. onlinehome. de/cattle. jpg http: //fcn. agronomy. psu. edu/FCNpics/annual. Ryegrass. jpg

Might parasites evolve to commensalism and then mutualism? Tapeworm http: //incogman. files. wordpress. com/2008/06/brown-rat 1. jpg http: //cal. vet. upenn. edu/ projects/parasit 06/parala b/labs/6_41. gif

Might parasites evolve to commensalism and then mutualism? E. coli http: //www. universityofcalifornia. edu/everyday/agriculture/images/e_coli. jpg http: //lifespotlight. com/images/2008/08/digestive-tract. gif