911 Pg 15 Food Webs Mutualism Commensalism or

9/11 Pg. 15 Food Webs Mutualism, Commensalism or Parasitism? Clown Fish/Sea Anemone Clown fish live among 1. anemones. The clown fish gets protection and shelter from the sea anemone Human/E. Coli is a bacteria that 2. lines in the gut of humans. The human provides the ideal habitat for E. Coli to reproduce and E. Coli provides us with Vitamin K. Mouse/Flee A flee feeds on the mouse’s blood to the mouse’s detriment

9/11 Pg. 15 Food Webs Mutualism, Commensalism or Parasitism? Clown Fish/Sea Anemone Clown fish live among 1. anemones. The clown fish gets protection and Commensalism shelter from the sea anemone Human/E. Coli is a bacteria that 2. lines in the gut of humans. The human provides the Mutualism ideal habitat for E. Coli to reproduce and E. Coli provides us with Vitamin K. Mouse/Flee A flee feeds on the mouse’s blood to the mouse’s detriment Parasitism

9/11 Class Business Pg. 15 Food Webs Ecology research library time on Thursday and Friday Peer Editing on Friday (be ready) Paper due Thursday, Sept. 18 Quiz #4 on Friday Interims come out Friday Ecology test is Thursday, Sept. 18 th Presentation sign up’s for extra credit on the board. Sign up by Friday

9/23 Objective Pg. 18 Food Webs Analyze food webs by predicting the impact of the loss or gain of an organism

LION KING VIDEO CLIP https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=4 f. YLEhq. Y GIU

Producers and consumer interact with anothers to form food chains.

Key Point #1: The SUN ______ is the source of all energy.

Source What does the sun supply with energy?

Where does all of the energy enter the food chain? Key All Point #2: energy begins with the producer

SOURCE PRODUCERS Who consumes the producers?

ENERGY SOURCE PRODUCERS Herbivore Omnivore Carnivore

Key Point #3: 1. Primary consumer: Eats producers 2. Secondary consumer: Eats primary consumers 3. Tertiary consumer: Eats secondary consumers

ENERGY SOURCE PRODUCERS Primary Consumer Herbivore Secondary Consumer Omnivore Tertiary Consumer Carnivore

Organisms in food chains are connected by: Arrows Key Point #4: Arrows show the flow of energy

OR

Key Point #5: Arrows point TO the organism receiving energy Tip: arrow points from the food into the belly of the predator.

A food web is made of multiple food chains

The arrow pointing from seed-eating birds to foxes shows that. . . A. Foxes eat birds B. Birds eat foxes C. Foxes and birds share food D. Foxes and birds compete for the same food A

What is the producer in this food web? A. Hawks and owls B. Squirrels C. Plants D. Spiders C

Which of the following is a secondary consumer in this food web? A. Toads B. Plants C. Mice D. Spiders D

But what happens if the food web gets interrupted? Suppose the wolves eat ALL of the chickens and there are no chickens left? What do you think would happen?

Food Web Interactions What do you think will happen to the rabbits, if all the vegetation is destroyed? Key Point #7: Loss of food sources= extinction

Food Web Interactions What do you think will happen to the cougar, if all of the deer die? Key Point #8: Loss of SOME of food sources= decrease in size

Food Web Interactions What do you think will happen to the mice, if all of the foxes are eaten by the cougars? Key Point #9: Loss of PREDATORS= increase in size

What will happen to the mouse population, if a disease kills all the plants? A. All will go extinct B. Increase in size C. Decrease in size D. Reproduce more A

Imagine that a bobcat enters the ecosystem. Bobcats eat insectivorous birds. What will happen to the fox population? A. All will go extinct B. Increase in size C. Decrease in size D. Move elsewhere C

Imagine that a disease kills all of the snakes in the ecosystem. What will happen to predaceous insect population? A. All will go extinct B. Increase in size C. Decrease in size D. Stop eating herbivorous insects B

Does the food web end with the eagle? Eventually, nutrients need to be returned back to the soil. Key Point #10: Decomposers Examples? Bacteria and fungi Break down corpses, waste, and vegetation

10% rule

Library Work Time Quietly WALK down to the library. Find a computer and begin typing up your Ecology research paper. This paper is due next Thursday!

2/3 Daily Catalyst Pg. 12 Food Webs 1. Which organism is both the predator and the prey? a. A b. B c. C d. D 2. What is the energy source for all food webs? 3. True or False, The arrows indicate that organism C eats organisms D.

Although it is not shown in this picture, where does all of this food web’s energy begin? A. B. C. D. C The Moon The Earth The Sun Fertilizer

2/3 Daily Catalyst Pg. 12 Food Webs 1. Which organism is both the predator and the prey? a. A b. B c. C d. D C 2. What is the energy source for all food webs? The sun 3. True or False, The arrows indicate that organism C eats organisms D. False, the arrow shows organism D eats organism C

2/3 Class Business Quiz #4 on Friday Ecology Test Wednesday, February 12 th Ecology work time this week

2/3 Agenda Daily Catalyst Class Business Food Web notes 10% rule Quiz #3 Trade, grade, and track Work Time

2/3 Objective Analyze food webs by predicting the impact of the loss or gain of an organism Page 12 Food Webs

But what happens if the food web gets interrupted? Suppose the wolves eat ALL of the chickens and there are no chickens left? What do you think would happen?

Food Web Interactions What do you think will happen to the rabbits, if all the vegetation is destroyed? 1. If a population loses ALL of its food sources, it will become extinct.

Food Web Interactions What do you think will happen to the cougar, if all of the deer die? 2. If a population loses SOME of its food sources, it will decrease in size.

Food Web Interactions What do you think will happen to the mice, if all of the foxes are eaten by the cougars? 3. If a population loses its predators, it will increase in size.

What will happen to the mouse population, if a disease kills all the plants? A. B. C. D. A All will go extinct Increase in size Decrease in size Reproduce more

Imagine that a bobcat enters the ecosystem. Bobcats eat insectivorous birds. What will happen to the fox population? A. B. C. D. C All will go extinct Increase in size Decrease in size Move elsewhere

Imagine that a disease kills all of the snakes in the ecosystem. What will happen to predaceous insect population? A. B. C. D. B All will go extinct Increase in size Decrease in size Stop eating herbivorous insects

Does the food web end with the eagle? Explain the “Circle of life” Eventually, nutrients need to be returned back to the soil. Decomposers Examples? Bacteria Break and fungi down corpses, waste, and vegetation

Food Webs

Trophic Levels Level in the food web

Energy Inefficacy Key Point #1: 10% of the Only ____ energy in a food web is passed from one trophic level to the next. 90% 0. 1% 1% HEAT is given off as _____ 10% Called 10% rule the _______ 100% 10%

Who has the most energy in this food web? THE PRODUCERS

Who has the least energy in this food web? THE TERTIARY CONSUMER TOP OF THE FOOD CHAIN

Does the cougar get more energy when it eats a fox or when it eats mice? WHEN IT EATS THE MICE

Let’s practice math What is 10% of: a. 100 b. 2000 c. 452 d. 348. 7 e. 27. 22 Answers: a. 10 b. 200 c. 45. 2 d. 34. 87 e. 2. 722

Example The ranches of the American Midwest are full of grass. The grass uses sunlight to grow. Cows and rabbits graze on the grass. However, the grass provides these animals little shelter from wolves, which eat the cows and rabbits.

Example 2 Wolves: _____kcal Cows and Rabbits: ____kcal Grass: 3450 kcal

Tell me what ya know! What percentage of energy actually transfers up each trophic level? A) 1% B) 10% C) 50% D) 100%

The diagram shows an energy pyramid for an African savanna. Which statement best describes the flow of energy in the pyramid? A. The zebras have the least amount of energy because they eat a plantbased diet, which provides less energy than an animal diet. B. The producers have the least amount of energy because energy increases by ten percent as it moves up an energy pyramid. C. The lion has the least amount of energy because only ten percent of the energy available at one trophic level moves to the next trophic level. D. All the organisms have an equal amount of energy because energy is not created or destroyed as it moves from one trophic level to the next.

Observations of an ecosystem in Louisiana show that organisms in the first trophic level have an energy intake of 5, 000 kilocalories per square meter per year (kcal/m 2/year). What is the energy intake for the third trophic level of the same ecosystem? a. 50, 000 kcal/m 2 per year c. 50 kcal/m 2 per year b. 500 kcal/m 2 per year d. 5. 0 kcal/ m 2 per year

Observations of an ecosystem in Louisiana show that organisms in the second trophic level have an energy intake of 3, 368 kilocalories per square meter per year (kcal/m 2/year). What is the energy intake for the fourth trophic level of the same ecosystem? a. 3 kcal/m 2 per year c. 337 kcal/m 2 per year b. 36 kcal/m 2 per year d. 33, 680 kcal/ m 2 per year

Observations of an ecosystem in Louisiana show that organisms in the third trophic level have an energy intake of 678 kilocalories per square meter per year (kcal/m 2/year). What is the energy intake for the producer of the same ecosystem? a. 6. 78 kcal/m 2 per year c. 67. 8 kcal/m 2 per year b. 678000. 0 kcal/m 2 per year d. 67800 kcal/ m 2 per year

What will happen to the rabbit population, if a drought kills all the plants? A. B. C. D. E. All will go extinct Increase in size Decrease in size Eat foxes A

Pretend that a falcon enters the ecosystem. Falcons eat toads. What will happen to the snake population? A. B. C. D. E. All will go extinct Increase in size Decrease in size Stop eating toads C

Imagine that a population of bears wanders into the ecosystem. Bears eat foxes. What will happen to the squirrel population? A. B. C. D. E. All will go extinct Increase in size Decrease in size Move elsewhere B

10% Rule Lab Directions: With your lab group, complete the 10% rule lab. Time: 12 minutes Noise: 1 (with group)

Quiz #3 Directions: Silently and independently complete the quiz. Hand in the quiz to Mrs. Ireland when you are finished. You may begin working on your homework. Time: 12 minutes Noise: 1 (silent) 3. D- decomposer

Grading 1. B 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. A

Quality Points 26/24 24/24 22/24 20/24 18/24 16/24 14/24 12/24 4. 1 4. 0 3. 6 2. 9 2. 0 1. 2. 4. 1

Work Time Directions: Complete the food web worksheet. This is your homework and is due tomorrow in the basket. Time: until the end of class Noise: 1 (with a partner)