03122020 Atmospheric Emission Modelling From Low Resolution Inventories

03/12/2020 Atmospheric Emission Modelling: From Low Resolution Inventories to Air Quality Model Grids Nele Veldeman, Wim Peelaerts, Stijn Janssen

Introduction » Problem: Emission data: available on country level, gridded, linked to geographic information (roads), … Air quality models: specific gridded domain » Solution: Emission MAPper (EMAP): Disaggregation of emissions data on country level on grid cells of specific air quality model domains (Bel. EUROS, OPS, Chimere, …) 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 2

General concept » Concept: » Top down approach » Surrogate variables Points, lines, surfaces with or without additional information EL = E T x V L / V T Spatial allocator 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 3

Spatial Allocator (SA) » MIMS SA » Generates spatial surrogates for emissions » Developed @ University of North Carolina » Licensed as open source code (sponsored by EPA Office of R&D) » Input: two shapefiles and grid description » Polygons on which emission data are available » Shapefile with info on surrogate » Grid description » Output: list containing percentages: xx % of country xx attributed to grid cell xx 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 4

Data base » E-Map: Data base programmed in My. SQL » Tables » Emission-inventories » Keys (= spatial surrogates generated by SA) » Grids » Additional data Keys » Queries Emission inventory Model grid Additional information 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 5

Applications » E-MAP played an important role in the MIRA-S 2009 project, which is glancing ahead on the environment of tomorrow. Focus on Flanders, Belgium. » Within he European Space Agency PROMOTE (PROtocol MOni. Toring for the GMES Service Element: Atmosphere) project, E-MAP provided high resolution emissions for a study on a regional-scale air-quality management system for Prague, Czech Republic. » Within the AMFIC framework (Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting in China) the effect of local measures to improve air quality during the Olympic Games in Beijing was studied. High resolution emission maps for different Chinese cities, were obtained with E-MAP. » Within the Market Based Instruments project the influence of including maritime emissions in an ETS is studied. The disaggregation of maritime emissions on European seas is performed with E-MAP. 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 6

MIRA-S 2009, Europe (Focus: Flanders, Belgium) Bel. EUROS grid 60 x 60 km² Bel. EUROS grid 7. 5 x 7. 5 km² Input Bel. EUROS = Point sources in entire model domain Areas sources diaggregated on 60 x 60 km² grid Areas sources disaggregated on 7. 5 x 7. 5 km² grid 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 7

Workflow FLOW 1 Point sources EPER pointsource map Bel. EUROS 60 x 60 km² grid Gridded EMEP data Area sources FLOW 2 Emissions by SNAP sector EPER pointsource map Point sources FLOW 3 7. 5 x 7. 5 km² grid FLOW 4 Flanders? Detailed Flemish emissions Bel. EUROS 7. 5 x 7. 5 km² grid Area sources FLOW 5 Brussels, Wallonia? Non Belgium? Proxy data FLOW 6 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 8

Workflow 1 and 3: Point sources Fraction attributed to point sources Spatial surrogates: point sources EPER 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 9

Workflow 2: Area sources on 60 x 60 km² grid Fraction attributed to area sources Spatial surrogates: EMEP gridded emissions 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 10

Workflow FLOW 1 Point sources EPER pointsource map Bel. EUROS 60 x 60 km² grid Gridded EMEP data Area sources FLOW 2 Emissions by SNAP sector EPER pointsource map Point sources FLOW 3 7. 5 x 7. 5 km² grid FLOW 4 Flanders? Detailed Flemish emissions Bel. EUROS 7. 5 x 7. 5 km² grid Area sources FLOW 5 Brussels, Wallonia? Non Belgium? Proxy data FLOW 6 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 11

Workflow 4: Area sources on Flemish part 7. 5 x 7. 5 km² grid Fraction attributed to • Area sources • Flanders Spatial surrogates: detailed (1 x 1 km²) Flemish emissions 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 12

Workflow 5 and 6: Area sources on 7. 5 x 7. 5 km² grid CLC 2000+EUROSTAT Population disaggregated over CLC 2000 TREMOVE/CLC 2000/UN traffic census Fraction attributed to • Area sources • non Flanders TREMOVE/CLC 2000/traffic networks /EUROSTAT … Spatial surrogates: proxy data 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 13

MIRA-S 2009, Europe (Focus: Flanders, Belgium) Database can be accessed via web interface Choice grid: • OPS • Bel. EUROS • Chimere 1 -5 Choice Emission-inventory • EMEP-Scenarios • Gains 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved + Year/scenario • Year • Scenario • Year + scenario 14

MIRA-S 2009 Emission maps » Starting from different emission inventories » 7. 5 x 7. 5 km² 60 x 60 km² Pointsources » Per SNAP sector Total emissions 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 15

MIRA-S 2009 Custom scenario: Per sector, per country, per pollutant: scaling factors 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 16

MIRA-S 2009 Scenario Upload: Flanders: per OPS-sector, per pollutant: emission data 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 17

Air quality monitoring in China ACESS emission inventory (2006) » SO 2, NOx, CO, VOC, PM 10, PM 2. 5, BC, OC Spatial proxy data » Landuse » Population density » Road network » … » Emission sectors: powerplants, industry, residential en transport » Resolution : 0. 5° 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 18

Air quality monitoring in China E-MAP NOx traffic: Yangzhou Asian traffic emissions (Acess) 4. 034 Ton 6. 074 Ton 8. 961 Ton 9. 832 Ton + Population density and Road network 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 19

E-MAP NOx traffic: Yangzhou 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 20

E-MAP NOx total: Yangzhou % Total Industry 13 Powerplants 72 Residential 2 Traffic 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 13 21

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Summary » EMAP is a straight forward tool developped to disaggregate low resolution emissions on gridded model domains » It is based on a top down approach in which the freely available MIMS Spatial Allocator plays an important role » Due to its simplicity it is widely applicable » Validated! In each of the projects the E-MAP tool was (indirectly) validated by comparing air quality model results with local measurement data. The overall quality of the validation provides confidence in the methodology and the tool. 03/12/2020 © 2009, VITO NV – All rights reserved 23

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