Russian contribution to Exo Mars TGO Atmospheric Chemistry

Russian contribution to Exo. Mars TGO: Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) Alexey Shakun and ACS Team Berlin May 31, 2016

ACS: Three spectrometers ACS = Atmospheric Chemistry Suite: Three spectrometers NIR, echelle+AOTF TIRVIM, Fourier MIR, echelle+cross-dispersion • Spectral range 0. 73 – 1. 6 μ • l/Dl~ 25 000 • Operation modes: Nadir and Solar Occultation • FOV: 2°× 0. 02° nadir, 0. 3°× 0. 02° occultation • Spectral range 2. 3 – 4. 2 μ • l/Dl~ 50 000 • Operation modes: Solar Occultation • FOV: 0. 23°× 0. 02° • Spectral range 2 – 17 μ (600– 5000 cm-1) • l/Dl~ 0. 25 cm-1 (Sun), 1. 6 cm-1 (Mars) • Operation modes: Nadir and Solar Occultation • FOV: Ø 2. 5°

ACS: Overview Spectral range Inst. range Spectral resolution ACS/MIR 2. 3 -4. 2 µm 0. 1 -0. 25 µm >40 000 ACS/NIR 0. 75 -1. 7 µm ~0. 17 µm >24 000 ACS/TIRVIM 1. 7 -17 µm full range 0. 25 cm-1 occ 1. 6 cm-1 nad CH 4, H 2 O, HO 2, HDO, HF, HCL, H 2 O, O 2 , CO 2 CO, SO 2 , CO 2 + *O 2, *OH, *NO isotopes, etc. T profiles, CO 2, H 2 O 2 dust, water ice NIR MIR TIRVIM Mass: 33. 5 kg Dimensions: 600× 470× 520 mm 3 Power consumption: 55 W (ave) Data rate: 1600 Mbit/day NIR MIR TIR NIR TIR

ACS: Main NIR parameters • Spectral range: • Spectral resolving power l/Dl: • Operation modes: • FOV: • Mass / Power / Data rate: 0. 7 – 1. 6 μm (not covered by other instruments) ~20 000 Nadir, Solar Occultation 30 x 0. 3 mrad 3. 5 kg / 15 W / 0. 5 Gbit/day

ACS NIR vs SPICAM/MEx ACS NIR : 0. 73 – 1. 6 μ with high spectral resolution ~25000 SPICAM IR : 1 -1. 7 μ with sspectral resolution ~2000 • Nadir viewing (day side) – H 2 O abundance at 1. 38 μm – O 2 dayglow – ozone tracer • Solar occultation – CO 2 density and temperature 0 -120 km, H 2 O for 0 -80 km, O 2 (0. 76 μm) for 0 -50 km, aerosols 0 -80 km • Nadir viewing (night side) – O 21Δg 1. 27 μm airglow – OH (1. 43 μm) and NO (1. 224 μm) airglow? • Limb – Nightglow in IR (O 21Δg , OH and NO? ) • Solar occultation – CO 2, H 2 O, aerosols • Limb – Nightglow in IR (O 21Δg 1. 27 μm)

ACS: NIR calibration Model Measured

ACS NIR: NEC measurements Example of raw NIR data, part of the solar spectrum around 1 m

ACS: Main MIR parameters • • • Spectral range: Instantaneous coverage: Spectral resolving power: FOV: Aperture ratio Operation modes: Operation rate S/N Mass/ Power / Data: Dimensions 2. 3 – 4. 2 μm 230 -300 nm ranges per measurement ~50 000 in methane range 0. 1 x 2. 9 mrad 1: 3 Solar Occultation 1 -2 images/s >500 12 kg / 20 W / 1. 2 Gbit per day 460 x 200 x 440 mm

ACS: MIR secondary grating settings Position 1 (-10. 90) ~2. 9 µm Position 2 (-9. 10) Position 3 (-7. 30) Grating 1: 180 gr/mm Position 4 (-5. 50) Position 5 (-3. 70) Position 6 -1 (-1. 90) ~4. 1 µm Position 6 -1 (Grating 1) is followed by pos. 6 -2 (Grating 2) after 180° swap Grating 2: 361 gr/mm Position 6 -2 (-1. 90) Position 7 (-0. 10) ~2. 3 µm Position 8 (1. 70) Position 9 (3. 50) Position 10 (5. 30) Position 11 (7. 10) ~2. 8 µm 100 ms needed to change position

ACS: MIR performance CH 4 10 ppb at 20 km Grating Position #11: 3. 12 -3. 41 µm CH 4 C 2 H 6 HCl H 2 O CO 2

ACS: MIR performance Target altitude – 20 km Grating Position #10: 3. 12 -3. 68 µm CH 4 H 2 O HDO CO 2 H 2 CO HCl NO 2

ACS: MIR laboratory calibration Resolving power λ/Δλ≥ 50 000 3. 39 μm He-Ne laser line

ACS: MIR Sun calibration terrestrial atmosphere; 3. 7 -4. 0 µm

ACS MIR: NEC measurements

ACS: Main TIRVIM parameters Spectral range: 2– 17μ(600– 5000 cm-1) Inst. spectral range: 2– 17μ Observation modes: Sun(occultation) Mars(nadir, day & night) Max OPD: 6 cm Spectral resolution: 0. 25 cm-1 (Sun) 1. 6 cm-1 (Mars) FOV: Ø 2. 5°(=Ø 17 km@nadir) One measurement: 2 s(Sun) 7 s(Mars, shift=24 km) Pointing: Internal 1 -axis Flight calibrations: Internal BB, space Max aperture: 2 inch (Mars mode) Mass: 12 kg Power: 15 W Thermal stabilization: Internal

ACS: TIRVIM optical scheme

ACS: TIRVIM interferometer

ACS: TIRVIM Black Body spectrum

ACS: TIRVIM NEC measurements

ACS: TIRVIM Sun spectra (NEC)

ACS: TIRVIM NER Instrument NER @ min NER @ 1000 cm-1 PFS-1 (1996) LW 0. 3 @ 500 cm-1 0. 7 PFS-2 (2003) LW 0. 7 @ 500 cm-1 2 TIRVIM 14/04/2016, 0. 08 @ 700 -800 cm-1 0. 1 Hamming apodization

ACS: development milestones Beginning of 2012: Russia invited to Exo-Mars project. Beginning of 2012: Russian science instruments for Exo-Mars TGO were selected. Beginning of 2012: ACS – three spectrometers and BE. January 2013: ACS Team got funding. March 2013: ACS ISM was delivered to ESA/TAS. April 2014: ACS EIM delivered to ESA/TAS. June 2014: Decision of ACS STM manufacturing with delivery to TAS-F in October 2014: ACS STM (electrically representative) delivered to ESA/TAS. March 2015: ACS PFM assembled. April - May 2015: ACS PFM test campaign. 4 June 2015: ACS PFM delivered to EMO. June - October 2015: ACS PFM successfully integrated with TGO and tested (global test). 14 March 2016: Successful Exo. Mars launch!!! April 2016: Successful ACS functional check and NEC activity!!!

ACS: development milestones

ACS cooperation