理論導向量表 (Theory-Guided Inventories) l「性格研究量表」(Personality Research Form) l「A型人格行為型態」(Type A coronaryprone behavior pattern) l「狀態-特質焦慮量表」(State –Trait Anxiety Inventory):企圖去測量特定的人格組成成 分。
性格研究量表 Personality Research Form(PRF) l. Edwards 和Abbott發現PRF和Edward Personality Inventory(EPI)中有相似測量特別高和有確定的交互作 用情形。 ØPRF和EPI測量之間如以下: PRF X EPI 係數 成就 Achievement X 努力 作Hard Work 0. 74 改變Change X 喜歡處於規律中Likes a Set Routine ─0. 54 撫養 Nurturance X 幫助別人Help Others 0. 64 Succorance X 獨立Dependent 0. 73
TABLE 8. 10 校正量表與分量表 ü 認知障礙(Cognitive Impairment) ü 衝動與分心(Impulsivity and Distractibility) ü 犯罪(Delinquency) ü 家庭功能障礙(Family Dysfunction) ü 現實扭曲(Reality Distortion) ü 身體關注(Somatic Concern) ü 心裡不適(Psychological Discomfort) ü 社會退縮(Social Withdrawal) ü 社會技能不足(Social Skill Deficits) 37
DSM的功能-Andreasen and Black(1995)提出 ◎降低臨床現象的複雜性 (Reducing the complexity og clinical phenomena) ◎促進臨床醫師間的交流 (Facilitating communication between clinicians) ◎預測此疾病造成的結果 (Predicting the outcome of the disorder) ◎決定適當的治療方式(Deciding on an appropriate treatment) ◎協助尋找病因(Deciding on an appropriate treatment) ◎確定全球此疾病的流行 (Determining the prevalence of diseases worldwide) ◎決定保險項目的涵蓋範圍 (Making decisions about insurance coverage) 71
ASSESSMENT BY SYSTEMATIC DIRECT OBSERVATION 系統性直接觀察評量 75
類推的行為評估 ü近似系統性的直接觀察 (The methods of analogue behavioral assessment are closely related to the methods of systematic direct observation) ü在非自然情境 (The main difference has to do with the settings in which the observations occur) (P 368 Section 1) 82