WJEC Level 3 Criminology Unit 4 Crime and

WJEC Level 3 Criminology Unit 4: Crime and Punishment Jade Bennett

Reflection Activity Purple books �Describe the 2 models of the criminal justice system. �Describe the role of the CPS within the criminal justice system. �Describe the relationship between the police and other agencies within the criminal justice system. Feedback through class discussion.

Learning objectives AC 2. 1 Explain forms of social control Forms of social control Internal forms o rational ideology o tradition o Internalisation of social rules and morality Candidates should have an understanding of different forms of social control with reference to theory. Synoptic links: External forms Learners will need to relate o coercion their understanding to o fear of punishment theoretical knowledge Control theory acquired through Unit o reasons for abiding by the 2. They should also be able law to apply their understanding to situations studied in Units 1, 2 and 3.

Social Control �It is essential that you understand this term �It appeared 6 times in last years exam paper covering a nearly 50% of the overall marks!!!!

Example questions referring to social control �Explain why imprisonment acts as an external form of social control. [4] �Evaluate the effectiveness of social control inside prisons. [8] �Describe two environmental measures used by agencies to achieve social control. [4] �Using examples, explain what is meant by internal forms of social control. [4]

Social control � Refers to the ways in which people’s thoughts, feelings, appearance, and behaviour are regulated in social systems such as the family, the education system, the media and the criminal justice system. � Social control involves forms or pressures to persuade or compel members of society to conform to the rules. � For example……. Task 1: Using School as an example consider what rules we have in place in the Academy and consider how students are persuaded, pressured or compelled to abide by them. Discuss in pairs and write down 2 examples ready to share with the rest of the group.

Social control and criminality � There are 2 categories of social control; External and Internal means of control, such as an individual's own sense of right and wrong, decrease the likelihood that one will deviate from social norms. Through external means of control, individuals conform because an authority figure threatens sanctions if the individual disobeys. Today we are focusing on External forms of social control. � Agencies of social control � The Criminal justice system � Coercion � Fear of punishment

External forms of social control �External pressures persuade or compel members to ? ? ? ? to their rules. �E. g. teachers may assign detention; The most visible form of external social control is people and organisations who enforce conformity to society’s laws:

Agencies…. The criminal justice system contains several agencies of social control, each with the power to use formal legal sanctions against individuals in an attempt to make them conform to society’s laws. The agencies and their powers include the following. �The police have powers to stop, search, arrest, detain and question suspects �The CPS can charge a suspect and prosecute them in court �Judges and magistrates have powers to bail the accused or remand them in custody, and to sentence the guilty to a variety of punishments. �The prison service can detain prisoners against their will for the duration of their sentence and punish prisoners’ behaviour.

Coercion � Coercion involves the use or threat of force in order to make someone do (or stop doing) something. Force may involve physical violence or other forms of pressure. � Physical coercion- includes - ? ? https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=s 98 x. Ibm 0 i. Ls � Nonviolent coercion - includes ? ? ? � https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=f. W 2 d. Wq. Tk. DBM � - coercion – to pressure or to force someone/organisation to bring change � - non-violent – self explanatory …. . � - Raising Awareness through campaigns… Purple books How effective is this strategy? Examples/Case studies…. .

Fear of punishment: Deterrence is the use of ? ? ? ? as a threat to deter people from offending. The concept of deterrence has two key assumptions: 1. Individual deterrence 2. General deterrence Discuss with your neighbour what be the difference might be.

�Individual deterrence - punishments imposed on offenders will "deter" or prevent them from committing further crimes �Examples? �General deterrence - the fear of punishment will prevent others from committing similar crimes. �Eg’s: Lengthy prison sentence or a large fine �London riots?

General deterrence policy example ‘Getting tough on crime’ Under the notion of "getting tough on crime", policies such as: �"mandatory minimums" life for murder, 7 years for 3 rd drug offence, 3 years for 3 rd burglary. Synoptic link: Which theory would favour this policy?

"three strikes and you’re out" 3 rd conviction for a violent crime likely to be life sentence (USA) Watch this video and make notes on whether the policy worked? https: //www. bing. com/videos/search? q=three+strikes+policy&adlt=strict&view=detail&mid=A 59 F 6247 DB 3 CEFF 27 B 79&&FORM=VDR VRV What are the consequences of the policy? Watch video and make notes below https: //www. bing. com/videos/search? q=american+13+prison+system&adlt=strict%2 cstrict&view =detail&mid=2 F 21 FF 53 C 7138 AC 2332 A&rvsmid=420 E 8 FFB 79 FE 94 E 31 EF 6420 E 8 FFB 79 FE 94 E 31 EF 6&FORM=VDQVAP UK approach to ‘three strikes”: http: //www. independent. co. uk/news/uk/crime/judges-reluctant-to-use-three-strikes-law-figures-show 84270. html

Research task (purple books) �Find recent crime statistics UK �Have crime rates increased or decreased over the past decade? Find out what the custodial sentences are for the following crimes: �Carrying a knife �Terrorism offences �Has there been any recent changes? �Find statistics on the prison population, has it increased or decreased over the past decade? �Recidivism rates (reoffending) �What does this suggest about current external forms of social control?

Exam practice – Discuss how external forms of social control may have an impact on crime stats � (b) Discuss how external forms of social control may have an impact on crime statistics. [5]

Self-assessment � 0 marks: Nothing worthy of any marks. � 1 -2 marks: Answers show some discussion as to how external forms of control may have an impact on crime statistics. Answers convey meaning but lack detail. Little or no use of specialist vocabulary. � 3 -5 marks: Answers that show a detailed discussion as to how external forms of control may have an impact on crime statistics. Answers clearly communicate meaning with some use of specialist vocabulary. Likely answers may include: � Some explanation as to the meaning of external control along the lines of external pressures to persuade or compel members of society to conform to rules � External social control is used by people in positions of power to enforce others to conform to laws, e. g. the police, judges and prison guards are commonly known as agents of external social control � The coercion and fear of punishment may deter the potential criminal and others from committing crimes and impact accordingly on the crime statistics � If external controls are successful crime would not be committed and the number of crimes committed would reduce, thereby affecting the statistics � NOTE – both an explanation of what is external control AND the impact on crime statistics are required for maximum marks. No credit for internal forms of social control.