Week 2 113 117 Warm Up Mon 113

Week #2 (1/13 – 1/17) Warm Up – Mon, 1/13: - Complete #2, 4 & 5 on A & P of NS Packet Anatomy Fun Fact: In a child developing inside the womb, neurons grow at the rate of 250, 000 neurons per minute. Agenda: 1. Continue Nervous System notes - Nervous tissue 2. Intro to NS Review activity Have out: ØNervous System notes ØA & P of NS Packet Homework: 1. How Fear Works paper towel poster assignment – Tues, 1/14 2. Intro to NS Quiz (Reflex Arc, Organization & Nervous Tissue) – Wed, 1/15 & Thurs, 1/16 3. Organization of the NS Latin Quiz – Fri, 1/17

Gray matter White matter Central Canal Cross off “dorsal root” & “ventral root” Reflex Arc

• Made up primarily of 2 types of cells: ▫ Neurons (nerve cells) ▫ Supporting cells CNS - neuroglia PNS – satellite cells, Schwann cells

COMPLETE #2 ON YOU’RE A & P: NS REVIEW PACKET! REVIEW: Functional Classification • Neurons are grouped according to the direction in which the nerve impulse travels relative to the CNS • Based on this, there are sensory, motor & association neurons ▫ Sensory – transmit impulses from skin or other organs toward CNS ▫ Motor – carry impulses away from CNS to effector organs ▫ Association (interneurons) – lie between motor & sensory neurons

• First let’s have a look at the functional & structural unit of the NS…the neuron

• Function: Specialized to conduct information from one part of the body to another • Many different types of neurons • Most have certain structural & functional characteristics: • - Cell body (soma) - One or more specialized, slender processes (axons & dendrites) - Input region (dendrites & soma/ body) - Conducting (“sending”) component (axon) - Secretory/output region (axon terminal)

Neuron (Nerve Cell) Structure • Made up of a cell bodies, dendrites & axons • Cell body (or soma) ▫ Contain large nucleus & rough E. R. (site of protein synthesis) ▫ Most located within CNS (protected by bones of skull & vertebral column) ▫ Collection in CNS is called “nuclei” whereas in PNS they are called “ganglia”

Neuron (Nerve Cell) Structure • Dendrites ▫ Short, thin, highly branched receptive regions of nerve cell Increase surface area of neuron to increase ability to communicate with other neurons ▫ Convey incoming message toward the cell bodies through the use of graded potentials – similar to action potentials (AP)

Neuron (Nerve Cell) Structure • Axon: Each neuron has only one ▫ Impulse generating & conducting region of neuron ▫ Convey AP (info) away from the cell body toward end of axon Originates from a special region of the cell body called the axon hillock Axon terminal/synaptic knob – end of axon which contains synaptic vesicles (membranous bags of neurotransmitters) Arrival of AP at axon terminal/synaptic knob causes NTs to be released

Myelin Sheath of the Axon • Whitish, fatty protein layer • Serves to protect & electrically insulate axon • Increases the speed of transmission of nerve impulses (up to 150 times faster) • Only associated with axons, not dendrites • Neurilemma: outmost covering of the axon (surrounds Myelin sheath)

Neurons - a Microscopic Look Where is/are the…? • • Soma – cell body Nucleus Dendrites Axons

The Supporting Neural Tissue – Neuroglia (CNS) • Neural tissue within CNS & PNS differ greatly • Outnumber neurons by about 10 to 1 ▫ Eistein (& others) had an inordinate amount of them • CNS has 4 different types of supporting cells (neuroglia) ▫ Abundant & diverse ▫ Limited knowledge of each function due to difficulty in isolating individual cells

Nervous System Activity Review • In your new lab groups, ▫ Discuss & complete answers to the specific section of the A & P of Animal Nervous System wkst assigned to you & then share out the information with your group. • As we share out our sections, others should be listening & writing answers. • Palm Tree: Section 3 (#1 -6) ▫ This wkst is your STUDY GUIDE for Nervous System Quiz #1! • Money: Section 3 (#7 -12) • Hockey Smilie: Section 7 • Butterfly: Section 10

Week #2 (1/13 – 1/17) Warm Up – Tues, 1/14: - Review of a Reflex Arc & Structure of the Neuron Anatomy Fun Fact: By the time of its birth, a baby's brain consists of around 10 million nerve cells. Agenda: 1. Gruesome medical procedures movie Turn in: ØHow Fear Works paper towel poster assignment – Lab 6 Pick up: Ø 4 different colored pencils? Homework: 1. Intro to NS Quiz (Reflex Arc, Organization & Nervous Tissue) – Wed, 1/15 & Thurs, 1/16 2. Organization of the NS Latin Quiz – Fri, 1/17

Warm-up: A Reflex Arc

(soma) • Identify/label: ▫ ▫ ▫ ▫ Dendrites Cell body (soma) Nucleus of the neuron Axon Myelin sheath Neurilemma (axon outer covering) Terminal endings/axon terminals Synaptic knobs • Color-code the following: ▫ ▫ ▫ Axon Dendrites Cell body Myelin sheath Neurilemma Terminal ending/axon terminals/ synaptic knobs

Medical Procedures & the Brain • How do we know about the brain, its regions, parts & functions? • How have we been able to diagnose problems within the nervous system? • Where & how did the first medical procedures investigating the nervous system occur? • Gruesome medical procedures movie

Week #2 (1/13 – 1/17) Warm Up – Wed, 1/15 & Thurs, 1/16: - Review: Nervous System Song Have out: ØNervous System handouts Anatomy Fun Fact: There are 43 different pairs nerves which connect the CNS to every part of our body. Twelve of these nerve pairs are connected to the brain, while the other 31 are connected to the spinal cord. Agenda: 1. Intro to NS Quiz 2. Begin Reflex Lab (5 I) Homework: 1. Organization of the NS Latin Quiz – Fri, 1/17 2. Complete V/K part of Reflex Lab (if needed) – Fri, 1/17 3. Reflex Lab Abstract (5 I) – Fri, 1/24

Nervous System Review • Nervous System Song

• How quick are YOU? ! • This lab will investigate various involuntary reflexes you have… ▫ What significance do reflexes have for humans? ▫ What kinds of reflexes are there? ▫ How does neuron communication play a role in reflexes?

• What is the significance of reflexes? • What is a synapse? What function does it have in neural communication? • What tissues does the Autonomic NS control? Somatic? • What is a monosynaptic reflex? Polysynaptic reflex? Science of NHL Hockey - Reflexes & Reaction Times (~3. 5 mins)

Are the following examples of Mono- or Polysynaptic Reflexes? ▫ Sneezing? ▫ Patellar knee jerk? ▫ Honking the car horn after almost being hit? ▫ Catching a baseball coming at your face? ▫ Pupil dilation when in a dark place? ▫ Jumping after hearing a book slam on the floor? ▫ Blinking?

There are 12 sets of “Cranial Nerves” extending from the brain to location within the head. EXAMPLE QUESTIONS: 1. Which cranial nerves induce the sneeze reflex? 2. Are these cranial nerves sensory, motor or a combination of both?

EXAMPLE QUESTIONS: 1. Which cranial nerve induces the sneeze reflex? Olfactory nerve (I) 2. Is this cranial nerve a sensory, motor or a combination of both? Sensory nerve

MUST read procedures for each test! Visual/Kin = online: leave for last, can do at home, if needed; do 1 Smell Test Reflex Lab (5 I) • In your new lab groups, ▫ Work together to complete each of the Reflex tests (you may have to pair up within the group). ▫ Each group will need to turn in (for Lab Credit) 1 piece of paper (staple more if needed) with EVERYONE’S NAME on it with your groups’ DATA & ANSWERS (in complete sentences) to the FOLLOW-UP QUESTIONS after each test! ▫ You will have today’s & tomorrow’s period to finish the tests. ▫ When finished with a test, put EVERYTHING back in the tub & move on to another station! ▫ If you writing this lab as an Abstract, make sure you take down your groups’ data & answers to questions!

Nervous System Quiz #1 • There are 2 sides so complete both! • No talking during Quiz! • When finished, turn into the Hmwk Turn-in Bin! • Move QUIETLY back to the lab with your Reflex Lab handout & data collection paper!

Week #2 (1/13 – 1/17) Warm Up – Fri, 1/17: - Intro to NS Latin Review Anatomy Fun Fact: The concept of classical conditioning is studied by every entry-level psychology student, so it may be surprising to learn that the man who noted this phenomenon was not a psychologist. Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist who won the 1904 Nobel Prize for his work studying digestive processes. While studying digestion in dogs, Pavlov noted an interesting occurrence – his canine subjects would salivate whenever an assistant entered the room. Agenda: 1. 2. NS Latin Quiz #1 Finish & discuss Reflex Lab & Abstract Have out: ØNervous System notes ØReflex Lab info Homework: 1. Reflex Lab Abstract (5 I) – Fri, 1/24

Nervous System (Organization) Latin Roots • Neuri/a/o – ? ? ? ▫ Word? • Re – ? ? ? ▫ Word? • Soma – ? ? ? • Auto – ? ? ? ▫ Word? • Moto – ? ? ? ▫ Word? • Ax(o) – ? ? ? ▫ Word? • Pre – ? ? ? ▫ Word? Ready for your Latin Quiz? ? ?

Reflex Lab (5 I) • In your lab groups, ▫ 20 mins – Share out any data that was gathered at home (V/K Test) Complete ANY remaining tests Complete your group’s answers to ALL FOLLOWUP QUESTIONS (in complete sentences)! ▫ When finished with a test, Clean your station by putting EVERYTHING back in the tub, Turn in your group’s Reflex Lab data/answers to the Hmwk Bin! Return to the front & begin working on Ch. 14 Tour (Brain). ▫ If you writing this lab as an Abstract, make sure you take down your groups’ data & answers to questions!

Reflex Lab (5 I) Discussion Analysis Questions: 1. Explain your observations of the Patellar reflex using your knowledge of a Reflex Arc. Did each group member have the reflex? Do you think the patellar reflex is a monosynaptic or polysynaptic reflex arc? Back your answer up. 2. Describe the Reflex Arc involved in the direct Pupillary Light Reflex & Consensual Pupillary Light Reflex. Label each component with specific organ names. What cranial nerves play a role in this reflex? Identify them by name & Roman Numeral. 3. Explain the protective function of Pupillary Light Reflex & Uvular Reflex (be specific).

Reflex Lab (5 I) Discussion Analysis Questions: 4. Describe which division of the peripheral nervous system (ANS or SNS) are employed for each reflex (Patellar, Visual/kinesthetic, Uvular & Pupillary)? Defend your answers. 5. Describe the differences of neural communication between the ANS & SNS neuron systems (monosynaptic? polysynaptic? ) 6. Discuss the accuracy of your smell sense. Which sense is more accurate without the assistance of sight…smell or taste? Scientifically explain your answer. 7. Investigate & discuss thoroughly, using A & P terminology, 1 additional reflex most humans have, not investigated during the lab. - Must provide a Works Cited page in MLA.

The End ▫ DUE: Fri, 1/24 • Title Page: Title of Lab, Name, Date, Period • Data & Observations: ▫ Data Table with collected Reflex test info for each of your group members • Conclusions & Applications: ▫ Answers to Analysis Questions 1 -7 (in paragraph form) ▫ Case Study: Actual application in which reflex has helped keep someone alive/healthy MLA Works Cited