Unit 9 The Civil War Reconstruction Reconstruction pt

Unit 9: The Civil War & Reconstruction - Reconstruction pt. 2

Bell Ringer: What were the Amendments passed during Reconstruction? And what did each of them say? 1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________

Civil War Amendments ● 13 th- Ends Slavery ● 14 th- Equal Protection of the Laws ● 15 th- Right to Vote not Denied by Race

Reconstruction Plans Congress fights back by passing the Civil Rights Act of 1866 - created federal guarantees to civil rights and overrode state laws - attacks black codes President Johnson vetoed the act ● And then Congress overrode veto with ⅔ majority (first time in U. S. history!)

Radical Reconstruction � Congress passes the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 - divided the South into 5 military districts - except Tenn. b/c passed the 14 th amendment - a union general was in charge of each district

Radical Reconstruction � Congress passes Tenure of Office Act - limited power of President to hire and fire gov’t officials - to keep him from firing Radical Republicans in cabinet

Radical Reconstruction Johnson fires Sec. of War Edwin Stanton (Rad Rep) - ticks off Congress - H. O. R. vote to impeach him b/c he violated the Tenure of Office Act - Senate is the jury (decided yes or no) - missed getting kicked out of office by 1 vote - for the remainder of time in office causes no trouble �

Reconstruction in the South � Ulysses S. Grant - Republican - won the 1868 election (war hero) - the black vote was important in the election of 1868 - African Americans voted Republican

Reconstruction in the South By 1870 all of the Southern states have met the requirements to rejoin the Union - the United States is reunited again

Reconstruction in the South Political change for African Americans - begin voting at higher rates - vote Republican (keeping them in power) - begin to hold gov’t jobs - sheriffs, police chiefs, state legislatures, 16 seats in Congress - Hiram Revels: first black senator, from Mississippi (ironically, he took Jefferson Davis’ seat)

Reconstruction in the South scalawags - white Southerners who joined the Republican Party carpetbaggers - Northerners who moved South after the war - some came to help, most came to take advantage

Reconstruction in the South Majority of the South’s land is owned by a few (10%) of the population - only 2 main jobs that poor blacks and whites can have - sharecropping - tenant farming

Reconstruction in the South � Sharecropping: work the land harvest crops; give 23 of crop to land owner (rent) and freedman keeps 13 - told what crops to grow by landowner - bought all supplies from the land owner’s store on credit - end of season the 2/3 rds crops given to landowner should help cover rent and supplies but NEVER DOES - never ending cycle of debt, which means the sharecropper cannot leave

Reconstruction in the South Tenant Farming - this was renting the land from someone - more independent arrangement for both farmer and landowner - paid cash rent to landowner and then was free to choose and manage his own crop - allowed to live where ever you wanted

Reconstruction in the South Public Schools in the South Reconstruction led to creation of tax -supported public school system in South **one of few successes of Reconst. ** - South wants it segregated (separation of races) - Radical Republicans wanted integration (white and black students go to school together)

Reconstruction in the South Rise of the Ku Klux Klan - many couldn’t handle equality in the south - they had been taught since birth that blacks were inferior - some turned to terrorism (KKK) - used violence to deny African Americans their new rights (ex: voting) - began as a way to drive out Union troops and regain control of South https: //youtu. be/5 Vz. KRI 7 Jb. Vk

Reconstruction in the South Enforcement Acts (1870 & 1871) - aka the KKK Acts - made it a federal crime to interfere with elections - federal marshals supervise elections - outlawed KKK activities

Reconstruction in the South Election of 1876 Rutherford B. Hayes: Republican Samuel J. Tilden: Democrat - no majority in electoral college - 20 electoral votes in dispute in FL, LA, SC, and OR - Tilden won the popular vote - Dems in South used violence and fraud to win many votes

Reconstruction in the South Election of 1876 � Who decides? - Committee was setup to determine the president with members from the Senate, H. O. R. , and Supreme Court justices - 8 Rep. And 7 Dem. � A deal (compromise) was struck between the Democrats and Republicans �

Reconstruction in the South Compromise of 1877 - Hayes becomes President (Republican) - troops taken out of the south - Democrat in Hayes’ cabinet - $$$ for southern internal improvements - this ends Reconstruction

“A Truce--Not A Compromise” by Thomas Nast, Feb. 17 th, 1877

Reconstruction in the South With the Southerners back in power they began restricting the rights of African Americans - Jim Crow laws: separate but equal

Types of Disenfranchisement Stopping the black vote � Literacy tests: had to pass a literacy exam to vote - created by southern states - hard questions/oral exams - Democrats got easier questions � Poll Tax: had to pay a tax to vote - only a few dollars - change times to collect and price

Types of Disenfranchisement � Poor whites were also affected by the poll tax and literacy exam - Grandfather clause allowed whites to vote - if your grandfather could vote before the Civil War, then you could vote - even if you couldn’t pay the poll tax or pass the literacy exam

Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 �Plessy was a black man who sued because he was denied a seat on a train reserved for whites. �He said black and white train cars were not equal. �Supreme Court said it was equal. �Separate but equal (segregation) is legal �Things were not equal

Exit Ticket ● What is the significance of the Compromise of 1877?