The Civil War The Civil War u War

The Civil War

The Civil War u War fought between the northern and southern states lasting from 18611865.

VS Stephen Douglass Democrat u Southerner u Pro-Slavery u Wanted to continue slavery u u Abraham Lincoln Republican u Northerner u Abolitionist u Lincoln said nation could not continue slavery. u

Reaction in Georgia u Georgia convinced the North was against them because of Lincoln. u General Assembly gives $1 million to defend state. u Gov. John Brown believed that Lincoln would abolish slavery. u Brown wants succession.

Reaction in Georgia u Georgia’s 132 counties had a convention. u Voted on succession u The vote won u Georgia seceded from U. S.

Southern View of Secession u u South felt that union as a compact among states. States could leave as easy as they entered Constitution didn’t say they couldn’t leave. They saw Union as a club they could leave.

Northern View Union is older than the Constitution u Union is a contract – to break a contract you need both sides to agree u Succession is illegal and unconstitutional u Act of violence between states illegal u Saw Union as like a marriage you can’t leave. Till Death do us part. u

Northern View u Lincoln warned Georgia u Georgia still left Union u Many people did not want to leave but loyal to GA.

A New Nation Formed u GA out of USA u New Nation, Confederate States of America u Used type of Government of Articles of Confederation u Weak Federal strong States.

u Jefferson Davis pres of new country. u Montgomery AL first capital u

Fight Begins Union left forces on Fort Sumter in SC u SC & Confederacy want them out u Attack fort several times u South win and North leaves fort u Start of the Civil War u

Fight Begins u Lincoln builds an army after Sumter u Blockade the south u States take sides u 4 slave states stay with Union, called border states – Delaware, – Kentucky, – Maryland – Missouri

Blockade of Georgia and the South u North blockade Georgia Ports u Cut off Georgia from the ocean u Some ships sneak past – Blockade Runners

Life in Georgia during the Civil War u First 2 years fighting outside GA u Blockade of south by north makes it hard to sell cotton u No cotton sold = no $ u No $ for army

Life in Georgia during the Civil War Women of GA substitute stuff for things they can’t buy u Slavery remained during war u Slaves used to build forts u Confederacy considered using slaves to fight 1. Contradict that slaves were not equal to white 2. Slaves may shoot confederate army u

Life in Georgia during the Civil War u With slave owners gone to fight slaves runaway u Many go out to island off coast controlled by north

Georgians in the War Gov. Brown called for men to fight u Gets 25, 000 men u Not enough weapons u Soldiers nicknamed Billy Yank – North Johnny Reb - South u

Georgians in the War Great leadership advantage to south u 1 st major battle Virginia’s Manassas Junction u South Wins u Both sides found long war u

Antietam Confederate General Robert E. Lee moved his troops to Maryland. u From there he planned to capture Washington, D. C. u His troops were stopped by Union troops commanded by George B. Mc. Clellan at Antietam Creek, Maryland. u On September 17, 1862, George B. Mc. Clellan and his troops stopped the Confederate army from advancing on Washington, D. C. u

Antietam The Battle of Antietam proved to be one of the bloodiest single days in the war. u Confederate casualties were about 13, 700, while the Union lost about 12, 400 men. u Although Mc. Clellan protected the capital from Confederate forces, he allowed Lee’s army to escape to Virginia. u

Gettysburg u July 1 -3, 1863 u Turning point of war u South loses and retreats u The South never gets further North again.

Chickamauga The Battle of Chickamauga took place September 18— 20, 1863. u Control of the railroad in nearby Chattanooga, Tennessee, was at stake. u After three days of fighting, most of the Union forces retreated in disorder to Chattanooga. u Casualties numbered more than 16, 000 for the Union and more than 18, 000 for the Confederates. u

Chickamauga It was the bloodiest battle fought in Georgia. u The battle was considered a Confederate victory because Confederate forces pushed Union forces back to Chattanooga rather than letting them proceed into Georgia. u Union forces captured Chattanooga which was the campaign’s goal. u

Emancipation Proclamation u Sept 1862 u All slaves in the Confederacy are now free u Changed war to a war to free slaves u Slaves are welcome to join Union army u They could man forts, positions and stations

Emancipation Proclamation u 186, 000 African Americans enlist u 93, 000 are from the south

Georgia Supplies the Confederacy u Farmer told to grow food instead of cotton u Georgia has factories to make supplies u GA called the “heart of the south”

The Tide Turns u South starts losing u South had superior leadership u May 1863, Gen “Stonewall” Jackson dies shot by his own troops on accident

War Comes to GA u Nov 1861, Union control Tybee Island u April 1862, Union takes Fort Pulaski in Savannah u ATL important military target because of Industry

Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign u Nov 16, 1864 Sherman began his “March to the Sea” u Sherman divided his forces u Attacked both military targets and private homes u Destroy $100 million and resources u Dec 21, 1864 Sherman captures Savannah u 14, 000 Africans join the march

Andersonville Prison In February 1864, the Confederates opened a prison camp to house Union soldiers. u Andersonville Prison was located in Georgia and held the largest amount of prisons than any other camp at the time. u During the Civil War, tens of thousands of Union soldiers were imprisoned there. u Conditions were very bad. u

Andersonville Unhealthy sanitation conditions, malnutrition, and overcrowding led to mass amounts of casualties. u Out of 45, 000 men that were imprisoned at Andersonville, almost 13, 000 died. u Today, the prison is part of Andersonville National Historic Site, a memorial for all American prisoners of war. u

End of the War April 9, 1865 War ends at Appomattox Court House u Gen Lee surrenders the south u

Summary u What was the importance of key events of the Civil War? Include: Antietam, Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.