THE CLASSICAL AND ROMANTIC PERIODS THE NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD

THE CLASSICAL AND ROMANTIC PERIODS

THE (NEO)CLASSICAL PERIOD 1760 -1830 What was going on? • Early rise of industry • Rise of literacy • People moving into cities • Birth of middle class • Birth of archaeology

VOCABULARY • Neoclassical: A new wave of art inspired by Greek Classicism • Greek “Neo” = New • Greek “Klasikos” = Of the highest order • Archaeology: The study of ancient things • Greek “-ology” = The study of … • Greek “Arkhaios” = Ancient • Anthropology: The study of human beings or humanity. • Tonality: Music related to a certain scale or key. • Notation: The system used to visually represent music.

ART OF THE NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD • Inspired by Ancient Greece “Classicism” • Called “Neoclassical” (New Classical) in other arts. • Very few extra embellishments, decorations. • “What do you want to show? Okay paint/sculpt/build that. ”

THE GRAND TOUR • Rich students tour Greece and Rome • Collect discovered artifacts • Inspired imitators back home • Birth of archaeology

COMPARISON OF AN ANCIENT GREEK “BUST” AND ONE FROM THE NEOCLASSICAL ERA

“THE ARTIST MOVED TO DESPAIR AT THE GRANDEUR OF ANTIQUE FRAGMENTS” HENRY FUSELI

MADAME RAYMOND DE VERNINAC • One subject • Few embellishments • True to life

Classical Music WHAT CLASSICAL MUSIC MEANS TO MOST PEOPLE

Postmodernist Music Romantic Music Jazz Music CLASSICAL DOES NOT MEAN “NOT POP” MUSIC

TRAITS OF CLASSICAL MUSIC • Music written from 1750 -1820 • Fortepiano is dominant keyboard instrument • Standardized music notation • Getting closer to modern instruments • Ensembles change and get standardized • Symphony Orchestra • String Quartet • Woodwind Quartet • Popularization of formal performances

INSTRUMENTS OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD CHORDOPHONES Fortepiano The Violin (duh) “Lady Blunt” mfd. 1720 Harp

15 million dollars

INSTRUMENTS OF THE CLASSICAL PERIOD AEROPHONES Natural Horn “ 5 Key” Clarinet Ophicleide

Ludwig van Beethoven Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Franz Joseph Haydn CLASSICAL COMPOSERS

FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN • Born 1732, Rohrau, Austria • Died 1809, Vienna, Austria • “Father of the Symphony” • “Father of the String Quartet” • “Court musician” for the wealthy Esterhazy family

STRING QUARTET

THE SYMPHONY

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN • Born 1770 Bonn, Germany • Died 1827, completely deaf! • Compositions divided into 3 “periods” • Famous for his piano concertos, symphonies, and masses

BEETHOVEN’S EROICA “HEROIC” SYMPHONY • Written for French Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte • Beethoven later hated Napoleon for his invasion of Austria and attacking his home city

PIANO CONCERTO NO. 4 • Concertos are pieces of music written for a solo performer and full orchestra accompaniment. • Beethoven’s last performed piece before he was too deaf to play with an orchestra.

WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART

W. A. MOZART • Born 1756 Salzburg, Austria • Died 1791 Vienna, Austria • Musical prodigy discovered at young age • Toured around Europe with father and sister • Began writing music at age 5 • Died tragically early at 35

SYMPHONY 40 • Classical symphonies are much shorter than we think of today.

HORN CONCERTO