TH 19 CENTURY ART NEOCLASSICAL ART Neoclassical Art

TH 19 CENTURY ART

NEOCLASSICAL ART

Neoclassical Art • “Enlightened” Art • Transitional period between 18 th and 19 th century art • Opposition to the frivolous of Rococo Art • Rational art: clear drawings, modeling, no evidence of brush strokes, bold colors • Throwback to Greece and Rome (a more rational era) • Architecture: Columns, domes, triangular porticos (basically, temples) • Becomes Federal Style in America ( Synthesis!)

Oath of the Horatii Jacques Louis David 1786 Oath of self-sacrifice to the state Republican Values

Death of Marat Jaquces Louis David 1793 Marat as Christ (Pieta) Martyr for Revolution NOT Christian

Cornelia, Mother of the Gracchi, Pointing to Her Children as Her Treasures Angelica Kauffmann 1793 Moral themes from antiquity Republican virtue

Napoleon Crossing the Alps Jacques Louis David 1801 Propaganda: hero Authority of Napoleon Conqueror: Hannibal, Bonaparte, Charlemagne

Church of La Madeleine Pierre Vignon 1807 -1845 Built in the style of Greek temples Church as Greek Intended as a military building

Pantheon Jacques-Germain Soufflot & Jean-Baptiste Rondelet Church modeled after Pantheon in Rome

ROMANTICISM

Romantic Art • Reaction against the Enlightenment: too intellectual • Emotion, nostalgia, innocence, nature, chivalry • Looking backward to middle ages • Landscapes > Human subjects • Idealized Revolution • Pastel colors, emphasis on brushstrokes, dream-like • NOT about romantic love, BUT romantic love is an element

Wanderer above the Sea of Fog Caspar David Friedrich German 1818 Man’s place in nature

Ivy Bridge J. M. W. Turner 1813 City in the background, nature is the foreground

Gate in the Rocks Karl Friedrich Schinkel 1861 Mankind is teeny tiny

The Nightmare Henry Fuseli 1781 Swiss-English Supernatural

The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed with Sun William Blake 1805 English Super symbolic Poetry

Raft of the Medusa Théodore Géricault French 1818 -19 Nature’s ability to conquer man

Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix French 1830 “ripped from the headlines” Revolution for all people

Third of May Francisco Goya 1808 Spanish Part of a two painting series Atrocities of Napoleonic Iberian War Christian iconography Death of society No heroism

Friedrichswerder Church Karl Friedrich Schinkel 1824 Neo-Gothic/Gothic Revival

REALISM

Realist Art • Began in France after 1848 revolutions • Believed that cultural works should record and depict life as it was • Reject Romanticism as too emotional • Focus on working class: expose the harsh realities • Authors: • • Charles Dickens: industrial England Thomas Hardy: Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Victorian hypocracy Émile Zola: industrial life in France, animalistic view of working class Honoré de Balzac: urban society as amoral Gustave Flaubert: Madam Bovary, hypocritical middle class Leo Tolstory: Russian, fatalistic view of history Henrik Ibsen: Dolls House, Scandinavian, issues o morality • Beginning of modern art

A Burial at Ornans Gustave Courbet 1849 -50 France Mundane topic and unknown people

The Gleaners Jean-Francois Millet (1857) French Peasant women, lowest classes

Rue Transnonain, le 15 Avril 1834 Honoré Daumier 1834 French Social Injustices Massacre after insurrection against Louis Phillipe

IMPRESSIONISM & POSTIMPRESSIONIS M

Impressionism Post-Impressionism • “Unfinished”—impressions of images • Symbolic & highly personal-reject depicting the observed world • Landscapes & contemporary life • Light & color • Relationships between color and shape • “en plein air”: painting outside • Abstract form and pattern • Established their own exhibition in Paris • Subset: neoimpressionism/pointalism • Manet (realism—impressionism), Monet, Renoir, Degas • Van Gogh, Cezanne, Seurat, Gauguin, Signac

The Luncheon in the Grass Édouard Manet, 1863 Transition between Realism & Impressionism

La Gare Saint -Lazare Claude Monet, 1877

Impression Sunrise Claude Monet. 1872

Bal du moulin de la Galette Pierre-Auguste Renoir, 1876

The Ballet Class Edgar Degas, 1871 -1874

Water Lilies Claude Monet

Sunday Afternoon Georges Seurat, 1884

Starry Night Vincent Van Gogh, 1889

The Yellow Christ Paul Gauguin, 1889

Still Life with Apples Paul Cézanne, 1895 -98

The Papal Palace, Avignon Paul Signac, 1900