Final Fifty 1 The Apotheosis of Homer JeanAuguste

Final Fifty

1) The Apotheosis of Homer • Jean-Auguste. Dominique Ingres • Apotheosis- elevation of a person’s status to that of a god • Homer is in the center, surrounded by those whom Ingres considered to be the most important historical figures in art and history

2) The Death of Marat • Jacques – Louis David was one of the most important French Neoclassic painters • He was imprisoned twice because of his politics • Marat was a leader of the Jacobins. He did business in his bathtub because of a skin condition and was murdered after writing a pamphlet that caused the death of hundreds of political prisoners

3) Executions of the Third of May 1808 • Francisco Goya • After an uprising against French control, thousands of Spanish people were herded into a convent and killed by a firing squad. • Goya, who had originally supported Napoleon, painted this in response not just to the French but to war itself.

3) Executions of the Third of May 1808 • Notice the lighting and shadows. The only figure that is completely in the light is the man about to die • The men in the firing squad are faceless and in the shadows, meant to represent humanity at it’s worst • Goya uses flattened, unrealistic figures because he was not trying to portray human but the emotions of humans

4) Liberty Leading the People Self portrait • Delacroix • Painted to commemorate the revolution in July 1830 that brought a new king to the throne • Caused quite a disturbance after it was painted

5) The Raft of the • Medusa Gericault • Notice the triangles • The painting portrays the 15 survivors of the 152 crew members who were set afloat in a raft after their ship sank. • Even though Gericault titled it “A Shipwreck Scene” to downplay it’s political content and show more the struggle of man against nature, it was still interpreted as a piece of political commentary

ship

6) The Slave Ship • Turner • In his early works Turner painted theatrical landscapes where nature overwhelms human beings • Turner revolutionized painting in watercolor • The full title of the work is “Slavers Overthrowing the Dead and Dying – Typhoon Coming”

Slaves thrown overboard “Hope, fanacious Hope! / Where is thy market now? ” - Turner’s epigraph

7) Poet on a Mountain Top White clouds sash-like wrap mountain waists, The rock terrace flies in space, distant, a narrow path. Leaning on a bramble staff, far and free I gaze, To the warble of valley brook I will reply, whistling. • One of the best literati painters is Shen Zhou • The painting reflects the Ming philosophy that the mind, not the physical world, is the basis for reality • In this painting, man has dominated nature by climbing the mountain, even the clouds are below him

Poem projecting the poet’s thoughts into mid-air poet Clouds below the poet

8) Rainy Season in the Tropics • Frederic Edwin Church • Church traveled twice to South America to paint there • Painted to portray the sense of national relief after the American Civil War • Supposed to be a new image of God’s covenant with Noah

9) St. Patrick’s Cathedral • largest gothic style Catholic cathedral in the United States • located in New York • Was started in 1858, but halted during the civil war • holds 2, 200 people • architects were Renwick and Brodrique • every year over 3 million people visit the Cathedral

10) Third Class Carriage • Daumier was mostly known as a political and social satirist • He mainly did lithographs, only exploring oil painting towards the end of his life • It was only after his death that he became known for his paintings, most of which show sympathy for the underprivileged

11) The Stone Breakers • Courbet started the French movement towards realism • He was jailed for six months for being a socialist • When the Stone Breakers was first exhibited in 1850, it was attacked as ugly and crude because of its realistic style. • Because of this, Courbet was one of the first artist to set up his very own exhibit

12) Breezing Up • Winslow Homer contributed greatly to the “style” of American art. • He worked a lot with watercolors and landscapes. • This watercolor was considered a capstone of Homer’s experiences at Gloucester.

13) Crystal Palace • Paxton was a designer of greenhouses -- hence, it looks like a giant greenhouse • It was made out of glass and iron • he built it for the London Great Exhibition • It was promptly torn down after the Exhibition • It was later reconstructed, and that one stood until 1936 when it was destroyed by fire.

14)The Bar at Folies Bergeŕe • By Manet 1881 -1882 • Notice the poor reflection • Image is one section of the larger scene – Trapeze person • Uses light in many ways

trapeze person

15) Impression-Sunrise • Monet • where the term impressionist originated • sun has the same luminosity of the clouds that surround it • been stolen

16) The Cradle • Berthe Morisot • Sister Edma gazing down at her daughter Blanche • Friends with Degas, Cezanne, Monet, Pissarro, Renoir, Sisley, and Manet • Married to Manet’s brother, Eugene

17) The Luncheon of the Boating Party • By Pierre-Auguste Renoir • French Impressionist • uses soft pastel-like colors • never painted in distinct lines

18) Ballet School • Edward Degas • Often painted ballerinas • Often painted just part of the scene

19) The Boating Party • Mary Cassatt 18931894 • American artist • Exhibited with impressionists • Was looking for something that appealed more to the senses

20) Gates of Hell • Auguste Rodin, sculptor • Often did numerous renditions of certain parts of the major work • Depicts scenes from Dante’s Inferno • Gates of Paradise

21) A Sunday Afternoon on Le Grande Jatte • Georges Seurat 18841886 • Pointillism Spent several months just observing the island its light • painting shows how tranquil it should be – real island was hectic and noisy

22) Fugitive Negroes • Matthew Brady • 1 st Civil War Photographer • Realist Photographer • Didn’t shoot many of the photos that are attributed to him

23) Moulin Rouge • Henri Toulouse. Lautrec • Pre-cursor to modern posters • very short and always wore a top hat • Most paintings were about the Parisian nightlife

24) Starry Night • Vincent Van Gogh • Did this painting when in an insane asylum • Committed suicide • Twelve stars = twelve apostles • St. Rémy

Venus St. Rémy

25) Day of the God • Paul Gaugin • Van Gogh’s idol • Three figure represent birth, life, and death • Pool symbolizes “mysterious centers of thought”

26) Mount Sainte-Victoire • Paul Cezanne • Did many versions of this painting • was first an impressionist • changed to abstract art because he didn’t like. . . – light – color use

27) Village Path • Camille Pissarro • French neoimpressionist/ pointillism • Naturalism ideology • he liked to paint pictures from vantage points on building

28) Guernica • Pablo Picasso • Cubism • Mural for the destruction of the city of Guernica – Bombings – Killed 1600 civilians

29) Nude Descending a Staircase • Marcel Duchamp • French • Indicates the various positions of a women descending a staircase • took the idea to break forms from the cubists

30) Painting with Red Spot • • Wassily Kandinsky Russian Expressionism All his painting have nonobjective – no real identifiable object • Art removes all traces of the physical world and expresses his spirituality

31) Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue • • Piet Mondrian Neo-plasticism Dutch Straight lines, primary colors, right angles, plus black and white – disliked nature, it represented the humanities problems • The painting is meant to symbolize the harmony of a series of opposites – male vs. Female etc.

32) The Lovers • • Rene Magritte Belgian Surrealist had a lot of Islamic symbols in his works – outside influences • he gave ordinary objects an irrational twist juxtaposing elements of the absurd

33) The Dance • • Henry Matisse French Loved patterns Got the idea for “The Dance” while watching some fisherman and peasants in France dancing what is called the Sardana on the beach

34) Persistence of Memory • Salvador Dali • Surrealists(most famous) • Takes object and warps the perception • Obsessed with Freudian symbols (sex) • Saddle(self-portrait turned sideways)

35) Man, Controller of the Universe • Diego Rivera • Mexican • Communist • Most famous for his murals

36) Night Hawks • • Edward Hopper American Realist Many poems and such have been written about this painting • Uses a lot of contrast between light and dark • uses lack of eye contact for dramatic effect

37) Lavender Mist(#1) • Jackson Pollock • Abstract Expressionist • Drip painting – put canvas on floor and splattered paint on it • Ironic – never used the color Lavender in the painting itself

38) The Great Wave • Katsushika Hokusai(he had fifty first names and lived in ninety different houses) • Japan • Wood Cut – limited colors • 36 views of Mount Fuji

39) The Scream • Edvard Munch • Painted on cardboard • the figure is terrified by what he “sees” outside of the painting

40) I and the Village • Marc Chagall • cubist • Jewish and Russian

41) Migrant Mother • Dorothea Lange • Photographs • Mostly photographed the poor people in the dust bowl

42) Lobster, Trap, and Fish Tail • Alexander Calder • Mobile artist • Wanted to give actual movement to his art

43) Marilyn Monroe • Andy Warhol • Pop Artist (Silk Screen also) • mirrored contemporary life’ • Film maker • Famous Painting – Cambells Soup

44) BLAM • Roy Lichtenstein • Express his ideas through comic strips • Used dots to add tone to his paintings • Also a sculptor

45) Retroactive I • Robert Rauschenberg • Always covered the canvass with flat white paint before beginning to paint – supposed to focus on the outside world • collage artist

46) The Reichstag • Christo and Jean. Claude • Covered the parliament building of Germany • Reveal the true beauty of things

47) The Entrance to the Louvre • I. M. Pei • Did two major glass pyramids one inverted and one not – yin and yang

48) White on Red • Mark Rothko • Abstract Impressionist • Covered whole canvas with paint • Usually rectangles without edges • Committed suicide

49) Dutch Interior II • • Joan Miro Spanish (Catalan) Surrealist Often animated by humor • Shapes and bright colors – Associated with male and female genitalia

Jan Steen vs. Joan Miro

50) Red, White, and Blue • • Georgia O’Keefe American Sexual connotation Paintings usually flattered men