The Church in the Middle Ages Dark Ages

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The Church in the Middle Ages

The Church in the Middle Ages

Dark Ages Documentary • H 2. 1 -1 – How were East and West

Dark Ages Documentary • H 2. 1 -1 – How were East and West different? • West – Rural, less education, resources, many barbarian kingdoms • East – Cities, more trade/resources, education, refinement, united empire • East continued over 1000 years after fall of Rome • Name Byzantine? • Byzantium, on which Constantinople was built • Thought of themselves as Romans

Dark Ages Documentary, cont. • H 2. 1 -2 - What year did Justinian

Dark Ages Documentary, cont. • H 2. 1 -2 - What year did Justinian come to power? • Justinian (527 -565) last attempt to unite empire • H 2. 1 -3 – Un-Christian things he did. • Extorted and cheated money from people. • H 2. 1 -4 – How did subjects react? • Nika Revolt of 532 • H 2. 1 -5 – How did he react? • Killed over 30, 000 rebels and political enemies

Dark Ages Documentary, Cont. • H 2. 1 -6 – Hugely expensive building •

Dark Ages Documentary, Cont. • H 2. 1 -6 – Hugely expensive building • Hagia Sophia – Church of Holy Wisdom • Third structure on same site Name means? Isaiah 11: 2 -3; Isaiah 28: 29; Proverbs 3: 22 -31 O Wisdom, coming forth from the mouth of the Most High, reaching from one end to the other, mightily and sweetly ordering all things: Come and teach us the way of prudence. • Height of Byzantine Architecture • Turned into a mosque in 1453, now a museum

Dark Ages Documentary, Cont. • H 2. 1 -7 – Enemy stopped Justinian •

Dark Ages Documentary, Cont. • H 2. 1 -7 – Enemy stopped Justinian • Bubonic plague – 542 AD • Spread by fleas on rats • H 2. 1 -8 – About 50 million died

Nestorian Controversy • Arian controversy (300 s) about Christ’s relationship to God • Nestorian

Nestorian Controversy • Arian controversy (300 s) about Christ’s relationship to God • Nestorian controversy about how Christ’s divine and human natures relate • Nestorius, P. of Constantinople (428 -431) • Jesus has two natures that aren’t united • Known as nestorianism • Opposing view - Monophysitism – “one nature” • Jesus’ human nature absorbed into his divinity

Nestorian Controversy • Three councils in 481, 553, 681 to deal with it. •

Nestorian Controversy • Three councils in 481, 553, 681 to deal with it. • Emperor Heraclius issued compromise in 638 • Pope in Rome refused to agree • Later Pope (Martin I) arrested, died in Constantinople • Beginning of what became known as… The Great Schism • Eventually formed separate Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches • Armenian, Syrian, and Coptic (Egypt) churches (to name a few) also separated • Lack of unity one reason Islam spread quickly

East/West Schism (split) 1. Nestorian controversy 2. Iconoclastic controversy • Iconoclast • One who

East/West Schism (split) 1. Nestorian controversy 2. Iconoclastic controversy • Iconoclast • One who disagrees with veneration of icons even to point of destroying them • Icons – relics of the church • To Orthodox church, icons a window to God • Pope Leo III declared them idols in 726 • Ordered them to be destroyed

East/West Schism (split) 1. Nestorian controversy 2. Iconoclastic controversy 3. Charlemagne crowned Emperor of

East/West Schism (split) 1. Nestorian controversy 2. Iconoclastic controversy 3. Charlemagne crowned Emperor of West • 800 AD • West no longer dependent on Byzantine empire

East/West Schism (split) 1. 2. 3. 4. Nestorian controversy Iconoclastic controversy Charlemagne crowned Emperor

East/West Schism (split) 1. 2. 3. 4. Nestorian controversy Iconoclastic controversy Charlemagne crowned Emperor of West Filioque (late 800 s AD) • Means “and the son” • “I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord and giver of life, who proceeds from the Father and the Son. ” • Words added to the Nicene Creed in the West

East/West Schism (split) 1. 2. 3. 4. Nestorian controversy Iconoclastic controversy Charlemagne crowned Emperor

East/West Schism (split) 1. 2. 3. 4. Nestorian controversy Iconoclastic controversy Charlemagne crowned Emperor of West Filioque (late 800 s AD) 5. Michael Cerularius’ Manifesto (1054) • P. of Constantinople – accused West of errors 1. Use of unleavened bread in Eucharist 2. Custom of fasting on Saturdays 3. Eating meat of strangled animals 4. Forbidding Alleluia during Lent 5. Use of filioque 6. Forcing celibacy of priests

Trouble with Turks • Defeated Byzantine Army in 1071 • Set up capitol in

Trouble with Turks • Defeated Byzantine Army in 1071 • Set up capitol in Iconium • East appealed to the Franks for help • Resulted in first crusade (1095)

Filioque – (And the son) • Skim John 14: 15 -31 and John 16:

Filioque – (And the son) • Skim John 14: 15 -31 and John 16: 5 -16 • Find verses that talk about from whom the Holy Spirit comes, Father or Son? • Are there any other verses that can build the case for “and the Son. ”

Orthodox Church • Orthodox (capital O) • All churches of the Orthodox tradition •

Orthodox Church • Orthodox (capital O) • All churches of the Orthodox tradition • Come from Byzantine/Greek church • John of Damascus (d. 749) “Father of Orthodoxy” • Christ more God than man (Nestorian influence) • Need a go-between • Mary • John of D. believed Mary divine • No original sin

Orthodox Church • Orthodox (capital O) • All churches of the Orthodox tradition •

Orthodox Church • Orthodox (capital O) • All churches of the Orthodox tradition • Come from Byzantine/Greek church • Under Basil II, height of Byzantine influence • 976 -1025 • Russia converted • Basil’s sister (Anna) married Vlad, prince of Kiev

East/West Tensions

East/West Tensions

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