Music of the Middle Ages From Gregorian Chant
![Music of the Middle Ages From Gregorian Chant to the Renaissance Copyright © 2005 Music of the Middle Ages From Gregorian Chant to the Renaissance Copyright © 2005](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-1.jpg)
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![There were two schools of music during the Middle Ages Ars Antiqua - 1100 There were two schools of music during the Middle Ages Ars Antiqua - 1100](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-6.jpg)
![Ars Antiqua began in Paris at the Cathedral de Notre Dame Ars Antiqua began in Paris at the Cathedral de Notre Dame](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-7.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-8.jpg)
![Representative Ars Antiqua Composers • • Leonin (1163 -1190) Perotin (early 13 th century) Representative Ars Antiqua Composers • • Leonin (1163 -1190) Perotin (early 13 th century)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-9.jpg)
![What is Ars Antiqua? • Literally means “old art” • Stemmed directly from Gregorian What is Ars Antiqua? • Literally means “old art” • Stemmed directly from Gregorian](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-10.jpg)
![Early Polyphony • Polyphony means more than one pitch played at the same time Early Polyphony • Polyphony means more than one pitch played at the same time](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-11.jpg)
![Parallel Organum Parallel Organum](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-12.jpg)
![Meanwhile, in Germany… • Hildegard von Bingen, who herself was a nun with reported Meanwhile, in Germany… • Hildegard von Bingen, who herself was a nun with reported](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-13.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-14.jpg)
![What kind of music was happening outside of the church? • Secular music, or What kind of music was happening outside of the church? • Secular music, or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-15.jpg)
![Troubadours • Troubadours were French musicians who traveled across Europe during the 12 th Troubadours • Troubadours were French musicians who traveled across Europe during the 12 th](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-16.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-17.jpg)
![Adam de la Halle (12371286) • The most famous troubadour ever • Wrote the Adam de la Halle (12371286) • The most famous troubadour ever • Wrote the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-18.jpg)
![Medieval Instruments • Instruments in early secular music were used to accompany songs. • Medieval Instruments • Instruments in early secular music were used to accompany songs. •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-19.jpg)
![Harp Harp](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-20.jpg)
![Krumhorn Krumhorn](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-21.jpg)
![Lute Lute](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-22.jpg)
![Muted Cornett Muted Cornett](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-23.jpg)
![Psaltery Psaltery](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-24.jpg)
![Sacbut Sacbut](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-25.jpg)
![Serpent Serpent](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-26.jpg)
![Shawm Shawm](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-27.jpg)
![Hurdy-Gurdy Hurdy-Gurdy](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-28.jpg)
![Drum or Tambor Drum or Tambor](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-29.jpg)
![Recorder Recorder](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-30.jpg)
![Viol Viol](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-31.jpg)
![Ars Nova • 14 th & 15 th century France • The invention of Ars Nova • 14 th & 15 th century France • The invention of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-32.jpg)
![Representative Ars Nova Composers • Guillaume de Machaut (1300 -1377) • Francesco Landini (1325 Representative Ars Nova Composers • Guillaume de Machaut (1300 -1377) • Francesco Landini (1325](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-33.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-34.jpg)
![Guillaume de Machaut • A poet & a musician • Created the first Ordinary Guillaume de Machaut • A poet & a musician • Created the first Ordinary](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-35.jpg)
![Examples of Ars Nova Music from this period was the first to add stems Examples of Ars Nova Music from this period was the first to add stems](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-36.jpg)
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-37.jpg)
![This piece is called “Sumer is icumen in” and is the oldest surviving round. This piece is called “Sumer is icumen in” and is the oldest surviving round.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-38.jpg)
![Conclusions • Most Medieval composers wrote mainly for the church and remained anonymous. • Conclusions • Most Medieval composers wrote mainly for the church and remained anonymous. •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-39.jpg)
- Slides: 39
![Music of the Middle Ages From Gregorian Chant to the Renaissance Copyright 2005 Music of the Middle Ages From Gregorian Chant to the Renaissance Copyright © 2005](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-1.jpg)
Music of the Middle Ages From Gregorian Chant to the Renaissance Copyright © 2005 - Frankel Consulting Services, Inc.
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-2.jpg)
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![There were two schools of music during the Middle Ages Ars Antiqua 1100 There were two schools of music during the Middle Ages Ars Antiqua - 1100](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-6.jpg)
There were two schools of music during the Middle Ages Ars Antiqua - 1100 -1300 & Ars Nova - 1300 - 1450
![Ars Antiqua began in Paris at the Cathedral de Notre Dame Ars Antiqua began in Paris at the Cathedral de Notre Dame](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-7.jpg)
Ars Antiqua began in Paris at the Cathedral de Notre Dame
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-8.jpg)
![Representative Ars Antiqua Composers Leonin 1163 1190 Perotin early 13 th century Representative Ars Antiqua Composers • • Leonin (1163 -1190) Perotin (early 13 th century)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-9.jpg)
Representative Ars Antiqua Composers • • Leonin (1163 -1190) Perotin (early 13 th century) Hildegard von Bingen (1098 -1179) Anonymous (? )
![What is Ars Antiqua Literally means old art Stemmed directly from Gregorian What is Ars Antiqua? • Literally means “old art” • Stemmed directly from Gregorian](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-10.jpg)
What is Ars Antiqua? • Literally means “old art” • Stemmed directly from Gregorian Chant • This style of music can be characterized as adding hollow sounding harmonies(perfect 4 ths & 5 ths) to existing chants. • This type of music is called organum. • Originally, one voice would be added above the existing chant. The chant would be sung very slowly - it was called the cantus firmus.
![Early Polyphony Polyphony means more than one pitch played at the same time Early Polyphony • Polyphony means more than one pitch played at the same time](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-11.jpg)
Early Polyphony • Polyphony means more than one pitch played at the same time - what we typically call harmony. • The first type of polyphony was called parallel organum. Here the cantus firmus and the higher harmony mirrored each other. • Eventually composers like Leonin and his student Perotin began adding a third and fourth part above the cantus firmus, and moved away from the eerie sounding parallel organum.
![Parallel Organum Parallel Organum](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-12.jpg)
Parallel Organum
![Meanwhile in Germany Hildegard von Bingen who herself was a nun with reported Meanwhile, in Germany… • Hildegard von Bingen, who herself was a nun with reported](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-13.jpg)
Meanwhile, in Germany… • Hildegard von Bingen, who herself was a nun with reported mystical powers, began composing music different from the Notre Dame school. • Von Bingen wrote music that sounded wildly different than plainchant, which some attributed to her lack of musical training. Her melodies, even today, seem contemporary.
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-14.jpg)
![What kind of music was happening outside of the church Secular music or What kind of music was happening outside of the church? • Secular music, or](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-15.jpg)
What kind of music was happening outside of the church? • Secular music, or popular music, has existed throughout history, especially during the Middle Ages. • Secular music of the Middle Ages was the first to be written down on paper and preserved. Today, performances of secular music is possible using these surviving pieces of music.
![Troubadours Troubadours were French musicians who traveled across Europe during the 12 th Troubadours • Troubadours were French musicians who traveled across Europe during the 12 th](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-16.jpg)
Troubadours • Troubadours were French musicians who traveled across Europe during the 12 th and 13 th centuries. • They sang mostly love songs. • They accompanied their love songs with instruments, unlike the church.
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-17.jpg)
![Adam de la Halle 12371286 The most famous troubadour ever Wrote the Adam de la Halle (12371286) • The most famous troubadour ever • Wrote the](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-18.jpg)
Adam de la Halle (12371286) • The most famous troubadour ever • Wrote the first ever musical theater piece Le Jeu de Robin et Marion • Inventor of the Motet • Motet - a piece of music where two or more different verses are fit together simultaneously, without regard to harmony
![Medieval Instruments Instruments in early secular music were used to accompany songs Medieval Instruments • Instruments in early secular music were used to accompany songs. •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-19.jpg)
Medieval Instruments • Instruments in early secular music were used to accompany songs. • Musicians usually improvised the simple accompaniments. • While the accompaniments were melodically simple, they were rhythmically lively. • Let’s take a look at the many different instruments used in these accompaniments…
![Harp Harp](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-20.jpg)
Harp
![Krumhorn Krumhorn](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-21.jpg)
Krumhorn
![Lute Lute](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-22.jpg)
Lute
![Muted Cornett Muted Cornett](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-23.jpg)
Muted Cornett
![Psaltery Psaltery](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-24.jpg)
Psaltery
![Sacbut Sacbut](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-25.jpg)
Sacbut
![Serpent Serpent](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-26.jpg)
Serpent
![Shawm Shawm](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-27.jpg)
Shawm
![HurdyGurdy Hurdy-Gurdy](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-28.jpg)
Hurdy-Gurdy
![Drum or Tambor Drum or Tambor](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-29.jpg)
Drum or Tambor
![Recorder Recorder](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-30.jpg)
Recorder
![Viol Viol](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-31.jpg)
Viol
![Ars Nova 14 th 15 th century France The invention of Ars Nova • 14 th & 15 th century France • The invention of](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-32.jpg)
Ars Nova • 14 th & 15 th century France • The invention of modern notation • The creation of the Ordinary of the Catholic Mass • The popularity of the motet
![Representative Ars Nova Composers Guillaume de Machaut 1300 1377 Francesco Landini 1325 Representative Ars Nova Composers • Guillaume de Machaut (1300 -1377) • Francesco Landini (1325](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-33.jpg)
Representative Ars Nova Composers • Guillaume de Machaut (1300 -1377) • Francesco Landini (1325 -1397) • Anonymous (? )
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-34.jpg)
![Guillaume de Machaut A poet a musician Created the first Ordinary Guillaume de Machaut • A poet & a musician • Created the first Ordinary](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-35.jpg)
Guillaume de Machaut • A poet & a musician • Created the first Ordinary for the Catholic Mass • Created many of the musical forms of today (rondos and ballades) • Master of counterpoint
![Examples of Ars Nova Music from this period was the first to add stems Examples of Ars Nova Music from this period was the first to add stems](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-36.jpg)
Examples of Ars Nova Music from this period was the first to add stems to the nuemes, thereby creating our modern system of notation.
![](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-37.jpg)
![This piece is called Sumer is icumen in and is the oldest surviving round This piece is called “Sumer is icumen in” and is the oldest surviving round.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-38.jpg)
This piece is called “Sumer is icumen in” and is the oldest surviving round.
![Conclusions Most Medieval composers wrote mainly for the church and remained anonymous Conclusions • Most Medieval composers wrote mainly for the church and remained anonymous. •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/3835ee22c5f9a7d34a720988b16ad27a/image-39.jpg)
Conclusions • Most Medieval composers wrote mainly for the church and remained anonymous. • These early composers did not take the art of composition seriously. It was more a necessary function, or duty. • Most secular musicians had day jobs. Full time musicians were poor. • While music itself was held in high regard, those who made it were not. This is very different today.
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