th 19 Century European Nationalism What is Nationalism
- Slides: 10
th 19 Century European Nationalism
What is Nationalism? • Nationalism- a feeling of intense loyalty to others who share a language and culture. • Should also share a government • Nationalism was a powerful force that could: • Create one nation from separate countries (ex. Italy and Germany) • Break one nation up into many countries (ex. Austria-Hungary, and Turkey)
2 Examples from 19 th Century Europe ITALY GERMANY
Background to European Nationalism After the Napoleonic wars The Congress of Vienna (1815) ◦Goals: ◦Restore the Balance of Power in Europe ◦Prevent Imperialism in Europe ◦Restore Monarchies
How does the Congress of Vienna lead to Nationalism? European powers wanted to contain France ◦ Part of what becomes Germany and part of what becomes Italy start to unite over shared culture, history, language, etc. ◦ Co. V was relatively successful in keeping Europe stable until 1914 ◦ Europe also sees a rise in Nationalist feelings during this period ◦ Greek Independence (1820) ◦ Revolutions of 1830 and 1848
Italian Unification For most of its history Italy was city states or regional kingdoms By 1850’s Canillo di Cavour had unified most of Northern Italy Giuseppe Garibaldi (left) helped to bring southern territories into the Kingdom of Italy By 1870 became Kingdom of Italy
German Unification Modern Germany did not exist until 1871 ◦ Was part of the Holy Roman Empire ◦ Prussia was the most powerful principality of the HRE ◦ Otto Von Bismark as Prime Minister Prussia was able to: ◦ Modernize and expand army ◦ Win wars against rivals which allowed the Prussian king to name himself emperor of the Second German Empire (Second Reich) ◦ Embraced all German speaking people outside Austria and Switzerland
What did Italy and Germany have in common? Made it clear that with a strong political, diplomatic, and military leadership NATIONALISM could mobilize people ◦ How? ◦ ◦ Adopt national flags National Anthems National Holidays Bureaucracies that kept track of national statistics (births, deaths, etc. ) ◦ Est. schools that instilled patriotic values
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