Tetris SASAF Considerations Richard A De Venezia Independent

Overview n SAS/AF - Dead or Alive ? • Built to last n Gaming

Tradition Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.

Topics to be Covered n Invention n Pieces n Game Play n Movement Keys

Inventor n Alexey Pajitnov n 1985 n World wide craze • More dangerous than

Pieces n Arrangement of four squares or blocks • Seven shapes Copyright © 2005

Drawing a block n DATA Step - DSGI n 45 degree lines • left

Saving a block n goptions device=GIF xpixels=30 ypixels=30; n rc = graph (‘CLEAR’, “E”);

. GIF to. IMAGE n sashelp. fsp. imgdat Image Data Model _read. File. Path(file)

Game Play n Pieces drop by gravity n Player can move, rotate or drop

Piece Class n Adapts to piece type A, B, C, . . . •

Piece Class - attributes n Track state block[4] - image viewers field - grid

Piece Class - methods n Attribute driven methods setcam* - x, y, row, col

HOLD ON, WAIT a SECOND! n Piece. wait() • Important and essential • Wait

I’m Waiting. . . n EVENT() returns 1 • when the player stops doing

The Waiting Game wait: method return=num dt = datetime(); do until EVENT(); do while

What caused the event? n A Text Entry Control • Field where user types

Playmethods. scl: on. Key n Dispatches keypress handlers piece = _self_. piece; select (upcase(_self_.

AND. . . n Re-enters the wait method wait: rc = piece. wait(); if

BUT. . . n Pending event (by design) is a key. Press n SAS/AF

Conclusion n SAS/AF is very much alive • A gem with many little seen

About the Speaker Richard A. De. Venezia Independent Consultant Location 9949 East Steuben Road

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Tetris: SAS/AF Considerations Richard A. De. Venezia Independent Consultant SAS is a registered trademark or trademark of SAS Institute Inc. in the USA and other countries. ® indicates USA registration. Other brand product names are registered trademarks or Trademarks of their respective companies. Slide imagery Copyright © 2005, SAS Institute Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.

Saving a block n goptions device=GIF xpixels=30 ypixels=30; n rc = graph (‘CLEAR’, “E”); . . . rc = gset ('COLREP', cindex, acolor); rc = gset ('LINCOLOR', cindex); rc = gdraw ('LINE', 2, x 1, x 2, y 1, y 2); . . . rc = graph (‘UPDATE’); * creates E. GIF; n PIECE. CLASS uses 4 block images Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.

Game Play n Pieces drop by gravity n Player can move, rotate or drop pieces • Within the grid n Can’t move? • Locked piece • Check for completed rows n Game over? • Any part of locked piece outside the grid Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.

Piece Class n Adapts to piece type A, B, C, . . . • arrays define geometry private {. , , 1, 2, , . , num D [ 4, 3, 3 ] / ( initial. Value =. 3 4 , . , 1, . , 2, . , 4, 3, . , 4, . , 3, 2, 1 , . , . , }); 3, 44 2, . 1, . Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved. n One array per piece • 4 states of rotation • 4 blocks per piece • values define block layout

Piece Class - attributes n Track state block[4] - image viewers field - grid (locked blocks) piece - A, B, C. . . state - rotation state 1. . 4 side - dimension of side (px) gravity - how much to drop (px) timeout - when gravity next occurs base. Sleep - event checking interval x, y, row, col - position of piece on field n Where, when, how, what is going on Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.

Piece Class - methods n Attribute driven methods setcam* - x, y, row, col n Behaviors right - move blocks of piece left down drop rotate lock n Misc block. Row. Of(y), top. Of. Row(n) - support geometry tests Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.

HOLD ON, WAIT a SECOND! n Piece. wait() • Important and essential • Wait for player to do something n Does what needs doing while the player does nothing • Drop a little (gravity) • Play a blip sound Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.

The Waiting Game wait: method return=num dt = datetime(); do until EVENT(); do while (dt<timeout and not EVENT()); SLEEP(10, 0. 001); * 10 milli seconds; dt = datetime(); end; if (dt>=timeout) then do; . . . move down, play sound, timeout+X. . . return 1 if locked, -1 if game over end; return 0; * event needs servicing; Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.

What caused the event? n A Text Entry Control • Field where user types in 4 left n 5 6 rotate right 2 drop Has overrides kbd. key. Feedback = ‘Yes’ kbd. _set. Instance. Method ('_on. Key', 'Playmethods', 'onkey'); Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.

Playmethods. scl: on. Key n Dispatches keypress handlers piece = _self_. piece; select (upcase(_self_. text)); when ('4') piece. left(); when ('5') piece. rotate(); when ('6') piece. right(); when ('2') piece. drop(); when ('D') piece. drop(); when ('Q') field. gameover = 1; otherwise ; end; n AND. . . Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.

AND. . . n Re-enters the wait method wait: rc = piece. wait(); if rc > 0 then do; . . . is game over ? . . . if not, lock the piece and randomly select a new one _self_. piece = _new_ Piece (field, byte(41 x + ranuni(0)*7); goto wait; end; * code reaches here if EVENT() is pending; endmethod; Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.

BUT. . . n Pending event (by design) is a key. Press n SAS/AF Executor, event handling • Invokes on. Key of Text Entry SAS/AF event supervisor Text Entry key pressed Control Loop piece. wait() for event() Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved. Text Entry on. Key()

Conclusion n SAS/AF is very much alive • A gem with many little seen facets n Tetris is still fun n Install SAS/Tetris from www. devenezia. com/downloads/sas/af Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.

About the Speaker Richard A. De. Venezia Independent Consultant Location 9949 East Steuben Road Remsen, NY 13438 Telephone (315) 831 -8802 E-Mail radevenz@ix. netcom. com Copyright © 2005 , Richard A. De. Venezia. All rights reserved.