Teacher Resource Supplement to Schoolhouse Activists Lecture Tondra

Teacher Resource Supplement to “Schoolhouse Activists” Lecture Tondra L. Loder-Jackson The University of Alabama at Birmingham “Stony the Road We Trod”: Exploring Alabama’s Civil Rights Legacy NEH Summer Teacher Institute July 23, 2018 1

Birmingham Education Timeline • 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation; 1 st school for freed Blacks established in (Huntsville) Alabama • 1865 – Civil War ended; Freedmen’s Bureau (FB) established; FB & American Missionary Association (AMA) promote Black education. • 1867 -78 – Black Reconstructionist legislators fight to establish public schools for Black children in Alabama; Booker T. Washington embarks on ambitious rural Black school development. Schoolhouse Activists 2

Birmingham Education Timeline • 1871 – Birmingham is founded • 1874 – 1 st Birmingham public elementary school for White children • 1876 -77 – Black community efforts to establish “Free” Colored School • 1881 – Booker T. Washington et al. founded Tuskegee Institute • 1883 – 1 st Birmingham public elementary school for Black children • 1900 – 1 st public high school for Black children • Industrial High School for Negroes, later named A. H. Parker High Schoolhouse Activists 3

Birmingham Education Timeline • • • 1903 – Carrie Tuggle et al. founded Tuggle Institute 1900 s-1930 s – New schools erected 1940 s – Teacher salary equalization cases 1954 – Brown v. Board of Education 1955 – Brown v. Board of Education, II 1957 – Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth & family attempt to integrate Phillips High School (now Phillips Academy) • 1963 – Graymont, Ramsay, & West End schools desegregated • 1963 -1983 – Four integration plans enacted Schoolhouse Activists 4

Birmingham Education Timeline • 1983 -present – • Resegregation • District splintering • https: //www. nytimes. com/2017/09/06/magazine/the -resegregation-of-jefferson-county. html • School choice Schoolhouse Activists 5

Arthur Harold Parker http: //www. bplonline. org/resources/exhibits/Parker. A. H/gallery/parker/index. html Schoolhouse Activists 6

Carrie Tuggle: The “Female Booker T. Washington” https: //bplonline. contentdm. oclc. org/digital/search/sea rchterm/carrie%20 tuggle Schoolhouse Activists 7

White Advocates for Black Education • John Herbert Phillips • • Samuel Ullman http: //www. encyclopediaofalabam a. org/article/m-4061 • Schoolhouse Activists https: //www. uab. edu/ullmanmuseu m/biography 8

Archival & Oral History Resources • Alabama Department of Archives & History • http: //www. archives. alabama. gov/research. html • Birmingham Civil Rights Institute • www. bcri. org • Birmingham Public Library • http: //www. bplonline. org/virtual/ • See “Booker T. Washington & The Shiloh Baptist Church Tragedy” • http: //www. bplonline. org/resources/exhibits/Shiloh/default. htm • Duke University • https: //library. duke. edu/rubenstein/uarchives Schoolhouse Activists 9

Archival & Oral History Resources • National Council for the Social Studies • https: //www. socialstudies. org/teacherslibrary/how-do-it-oral-historyprojects • https: //www. socialstudies. org/publications/ssyl/septemberoctober 2010/using_oral_history_in_the_elementary_school_classroom • Primary Research & Writing: People, Places, & Spaces, Lynn Lewis Gaillet & Michelle F. Eble • https: //www. routledge. com/Primary-Research-and-Writing. People-Places-and-Spaces/Gaillet-Eble/p/book/9781138785571 • Southern Oral History Program • http: //sohp. org/resources-2/ Schoolhouse Activists 10

CRM & Black History Resources • • • AFT • https: //www. aft. org/education/classroom-resources-teach-about-civilrights-and-social-justice Birmingham Civil Rights Institute (BCRI) Curriculum Guide • https: //www. bcri. org/curriculum-guide/ MSU Milestones in Black History • http: //libguides. lib. msu. edu/c. php? g=95622&p=624423 Oral History Resources for Teachers • http: //www. oralhistory. org/education/ PBS • https: //www. pbslearningmedia. org/collection/civil/#. Wz. Tu. Ed. JKi. M 8 Teaching Tolerance • https: //www. tolerance. org/magazine/publications/civil-rights-done-right Schoolhouse Activists 11

CRM & LGBTQ • Bayard Rustin • I Must Resist: Bayard Rustin’s Life in Letters • Brother Outsider: The Life of Bayard Rustin, http: //www. pbs. org/pov/brotheroutsider/ • James Baldwin • I Am Not Your Negro, http: //www. pbs. org/independentlens/films/i-am-notyour-negro/ • Lorraine Hansberry, http: //www. pbs. org/wnet/americanmasters/lorrainehansberry-sighted-eyes-feeling-heart-biography/9877/ Schoolhouse Activists 12

CRM & LGBTQ • Activists Supporting Gay Rights • • • Reverend Joseph Lowery Congressman John Lewis Julian Bond Reverend Jesse Jackson Reverend William Barber Reverend Al Sharpton Schoolhouse Activists 13

Tips on Unearthing Oral Histories • Begin with your personal network – family, friends, neighbors, civic groups, etc. • Talk to local educators. • Visit school warehouses & storage rooms. • Acquaint yourself with archivists at libraries (don’t forget your own alumni institutions!), museums, and historic sites. • Research digital archives. • Attend community forums. • Embark on your own oral history project. Schoolhouse Activists 14

Reflection Questions • What parallels do you observe between educators’ involvement in the Alabama CRM compared to educators in your own state or region? • Compare and contrast the role of Black teacher associations and post-Brown integrated teacher associations such as NEA and AFT. What was gained? What was lost? • Teachers today are organizing – many of them, independent of union affiliations. Is this is a positive or negative sign? How long can this organic type of organizing be sustained? (Also consider in light of the recent Supreme Court’s recent Janus ruling striking down non-union-member mandatory dues. ) Schoolhouse Activists 15

Contact Information • Tondra L. Loder-Jackson, Ph. D. • Professor (Fall ‘ 18), Educational Foundations Program • Secondary Appointment, African American Studies Program • UAB School of Education • Department of Human Studies • EB 207, 1720 2 nd AVE South • Birmingham, AL 35294 -1250 • E-mail: tloder@uab. edu • Web page: http: //www. uab. edu/education/home/facultydirectory/36 -tondra-l-loder-jackson • Office phone: (205) 934 -8304 Schoolhouse Activists 16