Sports Psychology Carrons Model Year 12 Physical Education

Sports Psychology – Carron’s Model Year 12 Physical Education Studies – 3 A/3 B

Group Cohesion • What is group cohesion? • Group cohesion is a term used to describe the degree of which a team has bonded or is demonstrating collective cooperation. • Can anyone provide an example of group Cohesion?

Group Cohesion • There are two dimensions in group cohesion: - Task Cohesion: Relates to the degree of commitment to group tasks and goals. Can anyone give me an example? - Social Cohesion: Relates to the relationships and friendships between group member. How much team member like each other.

Carron’s Model • Can anyone tell me what Carron’s model is? • Carron’s model stats a group will form a bond if it has collective identity, a sense of shared purpose and a clear structure for communication. • Can anyone explain this further?

Carron’s Model • Carron’s model is developed various factors that affect group cohesion. • • Environmental Personal Leadership Team

Environmental Factors • Can anyone tell me what would represent environmental factors? • Environmental factors are general situational factors that help keep are group together, - Transfer Rules - Geographical Restrictions - Contractual Obligations - Primary Goal of the Team

Personal Factors • Can anyone tell me what would represent the personal factors? • Personal factors are the individual characteristics of group/team members. - Task Motivation - Affiliation Motivation - Group Satisfaction - Social Loafing

Leadership Factors • Can anyone tell me what would represent some leadership factors? • This includes leadership styles, behaviours, and relationships with the team and individual athletes. Some examples; - A harmonious atmosphere encourages social cohesion - Good Organisation encourages task cohesion

Team Factors • Can anyone tell me what would represent some team factors? • Team factors are variables that operate at a group level. Such as; - Team Stability - Team Success - Desire for group success

Team Cohesion • Here is a short video to show important it is to have team cohesion. • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=3 WURg. I Meouw

Carron’s Model of Cohesion Environmental Factors: - Contractual Responsibility - Organised orientation Leadership Factors: - Leadership Behaviour - Leadership style - Coach-athlete Personalities Personal Factors: - Individual Orientation - Satisfaction - Individual differences Group Outcomes: - Team stability - Absolute Performance Effectiveness - Relative Performance Effectiveness - Team Factors: Group Task Desire for group success Group orientation Group Productivity Team ability Team stability Cohesion: - Task Cohesion - Social Cohesion Individual Outcomes - Behavioural consequences - Absolute Performance Consequences - Relative Performance Effectiveness - Satisfaction

Strategies to improve Group Cohesion: Coaches and leaders: - Explain importance of individual roles - Set challenging group goals - Encourage group identity - Avoid excessive turnover - Know the team climate Group Members: - Avoid forming cliques - Get to know all other team mates - Help other team mates when possible - Give encouragement - Seek to resolve conflicts immediately - Give 100%

Social Loafing • Can anyone explain to me what social loafing is? • Is it the reduction in effort when working in groups, versus when working alone. • Can anyone give an example of when they have experienced social loafing?

Question? • Think of a sporting team of which you are a member. Using Carron’s model of group cohesion, identify the factors that are most significant in affecting group cohesion.