Sports Injuries SPORTS INJURIES Definition A sports injury

Sports Injuries

SPORTS INJURIES Definition: ‘A sports injury is one which occurs as a result of participation in sport and limits athletic participation for at least a day after onset

Is this a sports injury?

Sport Injury Domains Prevention Management Return

Prevention • Methods put in place to stop the injury form occurring in the first instance • Eg: – Correct warm up – Healthy diet

Management • Ensuring that the injury doesn’t get any worse • Implementing strategies to promote recovery from injury

Return • Ensuring athletes return when they are ready • Fitness tests to ensure full recovery has occured • Phased return to sport commitments • Increase in intensity

Types of injuries • Acute injuries – due to sudden single, violent trauma such as a contusion, laceration, sprain, fracture or dislocation • Chronic/ Overuse injuries – due to repetitive microtrauma that leads to inflammation and/or local tissue damage like bursitis or tendonitis.

Injuries • Acute injuries can result from: – Impact or direct blows – Accidents – Environmental factors • Chronic injuries can result from: – Overuse

Acute Injury Manchester City V Portsmouth Thatcher V Mendes challenge

Causes… Intrinsic (internal) – occur as a result of an internal elements within our bodies Extrinsic (external) – occur as a result of an external force from outside our bodies

Intrinsic • intrinsic injuries include a rupture or pull of a muscle tendon or ligament, a sprain or a fracture

Extrinsic • extrinsic injuries include a blow to the eye in boxing, a hard tackle in rugby or being struck by a cricket ball or hockey stick

TASK • Divide the injuries that could occur in your 2 sports of your choice into 2 categories: – Injuries caused by an intrinsic force – Injuries caused by an extrinsic force – Email your responses to your tutor.

What are the major causes of injuries? Causes of sports injuries

Major Causes of injuries

Trauma • Direct blow • Beckham fell & fractured bone in foot • Alan Quinlan’s dislocated shoulder • Cisse broken leg

Overuse • Excessive training with no rest can = shin splints • Females overtraining can = amenorrhea (ie loss of periods)

Environment / Setting Temperature Frostbite: • Affects tissues of extremities e. g. fingers, toes, nose, ears. • Superficial – ‘frostnip’ • Severe- permanent damage

Hypothermia • Body temp drops below normal due to: i. Prolonged exposure to wet, windy, cold conditions ii. Extreme fatigue

Heat exhaustion Dehydration due to body’s water & electrolyte supplies being depleted.

Heatstroke • Life threatening, body stops sweating & body temperature rises dangerously high. • Dehydration cause malfunction in temperature control centre in brain

Altitude ‘Mountain sickness’ due to high altitude with low oxygen levels.

Pressure • Nitrogen decompression sickness (‘bends’) from too rapid a reduction in pressure after exposure to high pressure • eg scuba diving

Misuse of facilities Examples: • Diving into shallow end of pool • Running round edge of pool side • Broken bottles on pitches

Misuse of equipment Examples: • Not wearing a safety harness • Not securing cycle helmet • ‘High sticks’ in hockey • Lack of shin pads

Lack of specialist clothing Examples: • GK pads & helmet in hockey • Gloves in cricket • Full leathers for motorcycling • Gum shield-hockey/rugby

Disregard for Health & Safety • • • Mossy surface on tennis/netball courts Broken bottles on pitch/court Chewing gum Jewellery ‘Spotters’ for trampoline

Sudden illness • Diabetic coma or insulin shock • Severe allergic reaction • Seizures e. g. epilepsy • Fainting

Lack of fitness • Run a marathon with minimal preparation

Physique • Very thin person participating in contact sports • An overweight individual undertaking vigorous activities = stress on heart & lungs

Age Children: • Osgood-Schlatters Disease affecting the knees • Children lifting heavy weights – stunt growth • Playing in inappropriate age groups