SEPARATING MIXTURES MIXTURES THE MOST COMMON WAY MATTER

SEPARATING MIXTURES

MIXTURES • THE MOST COMMON WAY MATTER IS FOUND • EXAMPLES-AIR, FRESH WATER, SOIL • USUALLY EASY TO SEPARATE • THEY ARE EASY TO SEPARATE BECAUSE OF THE DIFFERENCES THE PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIAL THAT MAKE UP THE MIXTURE.

DISCUSSION IF YOU HAD A SANDBOX AND SOMEONE DROPPED A WHOLE BOX OF SMALL NAILS IN IT, HOW COULD YOU CLEAN THE SANDBOX UP SO THAT CHILDREN COULD USE IT AGAIN?

FILTRATION • USED WHEN THE MIXTURE IS COMPOSED OF SUBSTANCES OF DIFFERENT SIZED PARTICLES. • THE MIXTURE IS POURED THROUGH A SIEVE OR FILTER (STRAINER) • THE SMALLER PARTICLES SLIP THROUGH THE HOLES BUT THE LARGER PARTICLES ARE CAUGHT BY THE FILTER. • ZEOLITES ARE USED TO REMOVE MICROSCOPIC PARTICLES.

• GREAT FOR SEPARATING SOLUTIONS. YOU ARE ABLE TO REMOVE THE SOLVENT FROM THE SOLUTE. • HEAT UNTIL THE SOLVENT EVAPORATES (FORMS A VAPOR) AND LEAVES THE SOLUTE BEHIND AS A RESIDUE • THE SOLVENT WILL NEED TO REACH ITS BOILING POINT TO BECOME WATER VAPOR. EVAPORATION

EXAMPLES OF EVAPORATION • IN THE ATMOSPHERE WHEN RAIN LEAVE THE SOIL. • SWEATING • CLOTHING OR YOUR HAIR DRYING • PAINT DRYING

EXAMPLES • OCEAN WATER DISTILLATION FORMING WHAT IS THIS? DISTILLED • THIS IS REALLY THE PROCESS WATER OF EVAPORATION AND CONDENSATION TO CREATE A PURE SUBSTANCE. • A MIXTURE IS BOILED, THE VAPOR IS CAPTURED, AND CONDENSED

WHAT HAPPENS • (SOMETHING LIKE A GAS OR LIQUID) MOVING OVER THE SURFACE OF SOMETHING ELSE IN ANOTHER STATE OF MATTER (A LIQUID OR SOLID) THAT STAYS WHERE IT IS. CHROMOTOGRAPH Y TYPES: • PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY: FILTER PAPER IS USED TO TRAP PARTICLES • COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY: VERTICAL GLASS JAR PACKED WITH A GEL OR CRYSTALS.

MECHANICAL SORTING • FLOATING/SETTLING (DENSITY) • MAGNETISM • CENTRIFUGING

MECHANICAL SORTING • PICKING INDIVIDUAL ITEMS OUT BY SIGHT. • USUALLY LARGE ITEMS THAT CAN BE REMOVED WITH TWEEZERS OR BY HAND. • THINK ABOUT SORTING LAUNDRY

FLOATING/SETTLING • DENSITY WILL CAUSE ITEMS TO FLOAT OR SINK. • ITEMS THAT FLOAT CAN BE SKIMMED OFF • ITEMS THAT SETTLE CAN BE SEPARATED BY REMOVING THE MATERIAL THAT FLOATS.

MAGNETISM • USES THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF ONE SUBSTANCE TO PULL IT AWAY FROM THE NONMAGNETIC SUBSTANCE • AT LEAST ONE MATERIAL MUST BE MAGNETIC TO USE THIS METHOD

CENTRIFUGING • USED WHEN SOLIDS IN A LIQUID ARE SO SMALL THEY CANNOT BE CAPTURED BY A FILTER. • THE ITEM ARE SPUN VERY QUICKLY IN A CENTRIFUGE CAUSING THE SUBSTANCES TO SEPARATE. • USES • BLOOD-SEPARATES BY DENSITY • SPIN CLOTHES IN A WASHER • SEPARATE BUTTER FROM CREAM