Mixtures and Separating Mixtures Mixtures Many of the

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Mixtures and Separating Mixtures

Mixtures and Separating Mixtures

Mixtures • Many of the ordinary things around us are mixtures of a number

Mixtures • Many of the ordinary things around us are mixtures of a number of different substances. A mixture is made of two or more different substances mingled with each other but not chemically combined.

 • Sea water is a mixture of water, salt, and a number of

• Sea water is a mixture of water, salt, and a number of other substances. sea water: a mixture of salts and water • Crude oil is one of the most valuable mixtures ever discovered!

 • More examples of mixtures: Cola, Petrol. .

• More examples of mixtures: Cola, Petrol. .

 • When substances are separated from mixtures they are said to be purified

• When substances are separated from mixtures they are said to be purified • The method of separation depends on the type of mixture.

Filtration is a method of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

Filtration is a method of separating an insoluble solid from a liquid

FILTRATION - Choose the sieve!! Each hole is 2. 5 mm wide Each hole

FILTRATION - Choose the sieve!! Each hole is 2. 5 mm wide Each hole is 10 mm wide Each particle in the water is 3 mm in diameter

FILTRATION Filter funnel with 2. 5 mm sieve Conical Flask Well done the sieve

FILTRATION Filter funnel with 2. 5 mm sieve Conical Flask Well done the sieve size is smaller than the particles so only the water gets through! Start

FILTRATION Filter funnel with 10 mm sieve Conical Flask Nope! the sieve size is

FILTRATION Filter funnel with 10 mm sieve Conical Flask Nope! the sieve size is larger than the particles so both the water and particles get through! Start

Set up your apparatus like this:

Set up your apparatus like this:

Separating Mixtures Filtration Everyday examples of filtration: • A coffee filter is a piece

Separating Mixtures Filtration Everyday examples of filtration: • A coffee filter is a piece of paper that separates the coffee solution from the coffee grounds. • An extractor fan above a hob oven removes fumes and smells from the cooking area.

Check your learning. . • What is a mixture? • Why is the sieve

Check your learning. . • What is a mixture? • Why is the sieve size important for filtration? • What does insoluble mean? • Give two examples of mixtures that can be separated by filtration. • What is the filtrate? • What is the residue?

Mixtures and Separating Mixtures Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separation Techniques Evaporation

Mixtures and Separating Mixtures Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separation Techniques Evaporation

Sometimes mixtures can be separated by using evaporation… Evaporation is used to separate a

Sometimes mixtures can be separated by using evaporation… Evaporation is used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid. Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separation Techniques Evaporation

EVAPORATION Time 100 o. C Particles in water 70 o. C Water heats up

EVAPORATION Time 100 o. C Particles in water 70 o. C Water heats up Water begins to evaporate 20 o. C Water continues evaporating All water evaporated – particles remain Start Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separation Techniques Evaporation

Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separation Techniques Evaporation

Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separation Techniques Evaporation

Set up your apparatus like this: Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separation

Set up your apparatus like this: Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separation Techniques Evaporation

Evaporation is used to separate sodium chloride from a mixture of sodium chloride in

Evaporation is used to separate sodium chloride from a mixture of sodium chloride in water. When the mixture of sodium chloride and water is heated the water particles turn from a liquid to a gas and then escape from the beaker The sodium chloride is left behind in the evaporating dish Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separation Techniques Evaporation

This can come in very useful! In desalination plants fresh water can be made

This can come in very useful! In desalination plants fresh water can be made from salty sea water by using evaporation! A desalination plant in Australia Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separation Techniques Evaporation

Check your learning. . • • What is a mixture? What does soluble mean?

Check your learning. . • • What is a mixture? What does soluble mean? How does evaporation work? What is the disadvantage of separating a mixture by evaporation?

Mixtures and Separating Mixtures Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separating techniques -

Mixtures and Separating Mixtures Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separating techniques - Chromatography

Chromatography • Chromatography is a way to separate mixtures like a mixture of dyes

Chromatography • Chromatography is a way to separate mixtures like a mixture of dyes in ink. Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separating techniques - Chromatography

What happens to the ink? ? Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separating

What happens to the ink? ? Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Separating techniques - Chromatography

CHROMATOGRAPHY Take a piece of filter paper Here 1 2 3 Ms. O’ Grady

CHROMATOGRAPHY Take a piece of filter paper Here 1 2 3 Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Add the coloured ink in small blobs Draw a Pencil Line Separating techniques - Chromatography

CHROMATOGRAPHY Water moves up the paper and so do the inks 1 1 1

CHROMATOGRAPHY Water moves up the paper and so do the inks 1 1 1 Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science 2 2 2 2 1 3 3 Beaker with a little water Now leave for about 15 minutes Start Separating techniques - Chromatography

Which person do you think did the graffiti on the wall? Ink from graffiti

Which person do you think did the graffiti on the wall? Ink from graffiti Ms. O’ Grady 1 st year Science Ink from suspect A Ink from Suspect B Separating techniques - Chromatography Ink from suspect C

Learning check. . • Give an example of a type of mixture separated by

Learning check. . • Give an example of a type of mixture separated by Chromatography? • How does chromatography work? • What would happen if a mixture was made up of just one colour?

Mixtures and Separating Mixtures

Mixtures and Separating Mixtures

Distillation is used separate Can to you explain awhat mixture is of a liquid

Distillation is used separate Can to you explain awhat mixture is of a liquid and a in happening soluble solid this when the liquid is experiment? needed

water DISTILLATION Cold out! 100 o. C 70 o. C 20 o. C Cold

water DISTILLATION Cold out! 100 o. C 70 o. C 20 o. C Cold water in! Start

Distillation is used to separate a mixture of liquids when the liquids have different

Distillation is used to separate a mixture of liquids when the liquids have different boiling points! What happens to the alcohol when it reaches 78 OC? What happens to the water when it reaches 78 OC?