Scalenus Anterior Origin From the transverse processes of

Scalenus Anterior Origin: From the transverse processes of the 3 rd; 4 th ; 5 th and 6 th cervical vertebrae. : Into the scalene tubercle on the inner border of the 1 st rib and into the ridge on the upper surface of the 1 st rib. Nerve Supply: From the anterior rami of the 4 th; 5 th and 6 th cervical nerves. sists in elevation the 1 st rib. When acting from below, it laterally flexes the cervical part of the vertebral column.

Relation of scalenus anterior muscle Anteriorly: The prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia, which binds the phrenic nerve down to the anterior surface of the muscle; the superficial cervical and suprascapular arteries which cross the phrenic nerve; and the internal jugular and subclavian veins. Posteriorly: The subcalvian artery; brachial plexus and the cervical dome of the pleura. Medially: The vertebral artery&vein; inferior thyroid artery; thyrocervical trunk; sympathetic trunk and on the left side, thoracic duct. Laterally: The roots of the phrenic nerve unite at the lateral border of the muscle at the level of the cricoid cartilage. Then it descends on its anterior surface. The roots of the brachial plexus & subclavian artery emerge from behind the lateral border of it to enter the posterior triangle of neck.

Scalenus Medius Origin: From the transverse processes of the upper six cervical vertebrae. Insertion: Into the upper surface of the 1 st rib behind the groove for the subclavian artery. It lies behind the roots of the brachial plexus and behind the subclavian artery. Nerve Supply: Branches from the anterior rami of the cervical nerves. Action: like scalenus anterior.

Scalenus Posterior Origin: From the transverse processes of the lower cervical vertebrae. Insertion: Into the outer surface of the second rib. Nerve supply: branches from the anterior rami of the lower cervical nerves. evates the 2 nd rib. When active from below, it laterally flexes the cervical part of the vertebral column.

4 3 2 1 Anterior vertebral ( prevertebral ) muscles 1 - Longus coli. 2 - Longus capitis. 3 - Rectus capitus anterior. 4 - Rectus capitus lateralis.

Longus Colli Muscle Origin: Anterior tubercle of C 1, bodies of C 1 to C 3 and Ø transverse processes of C 3 to C 6 vertebrae Insertion: Bodies of C 5 to T 3 vertebrae, transverse processes of Ø C 3 to C 5 vertebrae Action: Flexes neck with rotation to opposite side Ø

Longus Capitis Muscle Origin: Basilar part of occipital bone Ø Insertion: Anterior tubercles of C 3 to C 6 transverse Ø processes Action: Flexes the head Ø

Rectus Capitis Anterior Origin: Base of the skull, just anterior to the Ø occipital condyle Insertion: Anterior surface of lateral mass of atlas Ø Action: Flexes the head Ø

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Origin: Jugular process of occipital bone Ø Insertion: Transverse process of atlas Ø Action: Flexes head and helps stabilize it Ø

Scaleno-vertebral triangle Its boundaries are the Longus colli ; scalenus anterior and the transverse process of 6 th cervical vertebra. It contains 1 st part of subclavian artery ; sympathetic chain ; vertebral artery and the thoracic duct ( on left side ).

Cervical plexus It is formed by anterior rami of 1, 2, 3 ; 4 cervical nerves. The rami are joined by connecting branches forming a loops on the levator scapulae and scalenus medius muscles. It is covered by the prevertebral fascia. It is related to the internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath.

C 2 Branches: 1 - Cutaneous lesser occipital; greater auricular; transverse cutaneous and supraclavicular nerves. 2 - Phrenic nerve to the diaphragm 2 - Muscular - Prevertebral muscles • - Sternocleidomastoid (C 2 & C 3 as proprioceptive ). - Levator scapule (C 3&C 4 motor • - Trapezius ( C 3 & C 4 as • proprioceptive ). - A branch of C 1 joins the • hypoglossal nerve then it leaves it to supply the thyrohoid & geniohyoid. - Some of C 1 fibers • (descending branch) unites with the descending cervical nerves of C 2& C 3 to form the ansa cervicalis which supplies omohyoid; sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles.

Phrenic Nerve the 3 rd ; 4 th and 5 th cervical nerves of cervical plexus. It runs vertically downward acrosses the front of the scalenus anterior from its al to medial border behind the prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia. It enters the thorax by passing in front of the subclavian artery and behind the beginning of the brachiocephalic vein.

Relations Anteriorly: The prevertebral layer of the deep fascia; internal jugular vein; superficial cervical and suprascapular arteries; beginning of the brachiocephalic vein and on the left side thoracic duct. Posteriorly: The scalenus anterior; subclavian artery and the cervical dome of pleura.

Branches: 1 - It is the only motor nerve supply to the diaphragm. 2 - It contains sympathetic fibers. ontains proprioceptive sensory fibers ( stimulation of the sensory nerve ending in the muscles& tendons and joints ) for the muscles of the diaphragm. 4 - It contains sensory fibers for the mediastinal pleura and the pericardium. t contains Sensory fibers for the pleura & peritoneum covering the upper and lower surfaces of the central part of the diaphragm.