Satellite applications to oceanography and fisheries Case studies

Satellite applications to oceanography and fisheries Case studies from the Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere A. Silva, S. Garrido, A. M. Santos IPMA, I. P. - Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, I. P. Av. Brasília, 1449 -006 Lisboa, Portugal ENCONTRO CIÊNCIA 2017 - 3 -5 July 2017, Lisbon, Portugal

Satellite applications - Case studies Earth observation information to support the development of methods, tools & services: - HAB nowcast and early warning - Aquaculture and fisheries management - Environmental monitoring of marine and coastal areas 2009 -2013 -2016

Forecasting Oceanic Events – Harmful Algal Blooms http: //www. asimuth. eu/ Applied Simulations and Integrated Modelling for the Understanding of Toxic and Harmful Algal Blooms Supported by the EC FP 7 Programme, Space Theme Grant Agreement No. : 261860

What do we plan to deliver? A 3 -4 day Harmful Algal Bloom forecast for the aquaculture industry situated along Europe’s Atlantic margin A GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) downstream service to the European Aquaculture Industry DOMMRS, MI, IFREMER, SAMS, IPMA, IST, IEO, Starlab, Numerics Warehouse

Basic methodologies and outcomes In situ data • monitoring programs • species/toxic identification • low spatial/temporal resolution Remote sensing • model validation (temp, chla) • bloom tracking (hindcast/nowcast) • large synoptic sampling Model simulations • Identification of bloom triggers • bloom tracking (forecast) • high spatial/temporal resolution Warning system hindcast nowcast forecast • The identification of key • Delivery of nowcast for past events for training the modelling system, towards an operational model forecasting events • regional alert system to end specific HAB and location information and transport pathways users , web-published on a periodic basis

http: //www. asimuth. eu/en-ie/Hab-Bulletin/Pages/default. aspx, https: //www. ipma. pt/en/pescas/bivalves/prev. toxinas/ Weekly regional alert on Harmful Algal Bloom via a web-published bulletin ASIMUTH elected as the winner of the Best Service Challenge of the Copernicus Masters 2013 Additional information: Satelite Chla and SST, Model simulations: surface circulation, temperature, particle tracking Front page of the bulletin – Status of shellfish harvesting areas and forecast

SAFI: Supporting our Aquaculture & Fisheries Industries The SAFI Project has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP 7/20072013) under grant agreement n° 607155 http: //www. safiservices. eu/

What do we plan to deliver? Develop operational tools and products incorporating EO data with in situ data, for indicator development EO data: Sentinel-2, 3: GSM_CHL 1, SST-ODYSSEA, HSMOY, HSMX Assist aquaculture deployment and environmental monitoring during operations Support fisheries by providing indicators of recruitments, abundances and shell/fish locations

EO DATA – Biogeochemical and Physical Oceanographic parameters CHLOROPHYLL-A CONCENTRATION (CHL 1) EDDY KINETIC ENERGY (EKE) PRIMARY PRODUCTION (PP) A proxy for the quantity of phytoplankton A proxy of primary production of the biomass A proxy of energy from horizontal currents (U, V) global coverage 1 km resolution global coverage 25 km resolution Daily 1997 -NRT GSM & AV algorithm Monthly 98 -2010 AM and UITZ Daily 93 -NRT EKE = ½*(U 2+V 2) 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT (CDM) 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST-PATHFINDER) The skin temperature estimate from PATHFINDER A proxy for salinity (inversely correlated) and marker for estuarine waters global coverage 1 km resolution global coverage Daily 1997 -NRT GSM & AV algorithm Daily 81 -2012 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 PARTICULATE BACK-SCATTERING COEFFICIENT (BBP) A proxy for the concentration of suspended matter global coverage 1 km resolution Daily 1997 -NRT GSM & AV algorithm Casey et al. , 2010 SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE FOUNDATION (SSTODYSSEA) The temperature at the base of the diurnal thermocline Atlantic NW Mediterranean Daily 08 -NRT 2 km resolution Piolle et al. 2010 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 FRONT DETECTION (SST-ODYSSEA) A proxy of water column vertical visibility global coverage 1 km resolution Daily 1997 -NRT GSM & AV algorithm Maximum difference in sea surface temperatures Atlantic NW Mediterranean Daily 08 -NRT 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION (PSD-PICO, -NANO, MICRO) A proxy of particle (plankton) distribution/size global coverage 25 km resolution Monthly 1997 -NRT Doron & AV algorithm 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 + local analysis for sea bottom classification & bathymetry, local hydrodynamic modelling 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 SECCHI DISK DEPTH (ZSD) 4 km resolution 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 2 km resolution Maximal horizontal gradients 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHT (HSMOY, HSMAX, HS 12) Gulf of Cadiz Wave data from wavemodel Wave. Watch-III. Mean, max, value @ noon. 3 hours 90 -2015 18. 5 km resolution global coverage Daily 90 -NRT Ardhuin et al. 2010 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14 Data prepared by SAFI is at the disposal of partners for analyses, testing, validation and demonstration.

SERVICE 1 – Support to aquaculture development, Aquaculture Site Optimization, Spatial Planning, and Licensing Support Potential habitat + growth model - Potential weight Altimetry SST Chla v Shellfih site location, abundance index and maturity indicator v Recruitment index Combined analysis of satellite-derived SST and Chl-a data, and abundance of spawners from previous spawning season - Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), was applied to investigate the ability in discriminating between high and low recruitment years. LDA was able to correctly classify ~ 80% previous recruitment years

FINAL REMARKS – Satellite applications to oceanography and fisheries management Increase scientific return and discovery, predition and decision making process Knowledge Assessement Builiding capacity to suport managment Interoperability Downscale spatial, temporal and spectral resolution Indicators E. g. : Optical characteristics and distribution of water Biogeochemical and physical oceanography explanations E. g. : Bloom formation – Recruitment Optimum Site location - Species Distribution and Development (growth, spawning) - Risk Maps Data Monitoring (multidisciplinary , integrated, simultaneous and near real-time) E. g. : In situ – Multispectral sensores - Radiometers - True color image composite - Oceanographic and Biogeochemical Parameters Retrieval and Analysis (e. g Chla, NPP, SST, Wind) – Models.