ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM TYRE SAFETY Partners in

ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM TYRE SAFETY Partners in Road Safety csm 51 MAR 2002 John Graham & Martin Keen

TYRE SAFETY WORN OUT TYRES ALL FROM ONE TRUCK csm 51 MAR 2002

TYRE SAFETY WORN OUT TYRES ALL FROM ONE TRUCK csm 51 MAR 2002

TYRE SAFETY WORN OUT TYRES FROM ONE TRUCK csm 51 MAR 2002

TYRE SAFETY OVERLOADING DO NOT OVERLOAD TYRES! !! 15 Tonnes Overload on 25 T capacity King Trailer. csm 51 MAR 2002

TYRE SAFETY OVERLOADING Prime moverloaded on rear axle Two tyres blew: immobilised Truck. A following vehicle ran into rear One Dead Tyre overloading was a significant contributing factor to this fatality csm 51 MAR 2002

TYRE SAFETY OVERLOADING Grossly overloaded rear single axle of Prime Mover. Tyre blew. Driver pulled over onto sloping hard shoulder. Centre of Gravity did the rest. Tyres were overloaded- started the sequence of events. csm 51 MAR 2002

TYRE SAFETY Tanker was driven I Km on “Flat” Tyre. Tread Separated Driver Overreacted ROLLOVER Running on a deflated tyre, a significant contributory factor in this incident csm 51 MAR 2002

TYRE SAFETY UNSAFE CONDITUION Tread separating from inside dual tyre of a BUS--”egged” Drivers Daily Checks done? ? How long was this tyre like this? ? ? csm 51 MAR 2002

TYRE SAFETY FAST and HOT = OVERHEATING High speed journey from Muscat over 120 kph non stop -past Nizwa, front tyre blew. Rollover No seatbelts being worn TWO DEAD csm 51 MAR 2002

TYRE SAFETY FAST and HOT Tread Separation. Driver lost control ran off road Again, a long distance fast trip in heat. Tyre pressures checked? ? csm 51 MAR 2002

TYRE SAFETY Tyres are the only points of contact between your vehicle and the road. They affect steering, braking and acceleration. Your Safety therefore depends on a relatively small contact patch or “tyre-footprint” area. YOU MUST TAKE CARE OF YOUR TYRES NEGLECTING THEM CAN COST LIVES Most tyres nowadays are tubeless ; Constructed in a manner that does away with an inflatable inner tube. These tyres normally have the mark “TL” or “Tubeless” written on their sidewalls.

TYRE SAFETY Tubeless Tyre and the rim of the wheel together form an air container-the inner wall of the tyre has an airtight lining. Air movement during puncture of a tubeless tyre: If a sharp object, eg. a nail, punctures the tread, air escapes only around the nail. Generally results in gradual deflation as long as the nail remains in the tyre: a typical “SLOW puncture” Tubed Tyre is kept inflated by air in the inner tube. Air pressure causes the tube`s valve to fit into, and thus seal, the valve hole in the wheel rim. Air movement during puncture of a tubed tyre: If a sharp object goes through the tread and puntures the tube, tube (and valve) immediately shrink leaving the valve hole unsealed. Air escapes QUICKLY, entire tyre collapses = flat tyre in seconds.

TYRE SAFETY DO NOT FIT TUBES INTO TUBELESS TYRES: • The rubbing of the inner tube against the tyre casing (designed to be tubeless, therefore tubeless tyres have rougher inside linings) creates additional heat increasing the likelihood of tyre failure. TUBELESS TYRES HAVE BETTER • HANDLING, • RIDE COMFORT • SAFETY CHARACTERISTICS DO NOT DIMINISH THESE ADVANTAGES BY FITTING TUBES TO TUBELESS TYRES.

TYRE SAFETY DO NOT FIT TUBES INTO TUBELESS TYRES: • By inserting a tube into a tubeless tyre it is converted completely into a tube-type tyre and rim combination : ie. It will deflate very quickly when punctured, and you may lose control of the vehicle. • The running characteristics of the tubeless tyre can be adversely affected by inserting a tube, eg. Side wall flexibility. •

TYRE SAFETY CHECK TYRES DAILY • Correct tyre pressures-including spares • Tread Depth (min 1. 6 mm over 75% of tread width) • No cuts, bumps or lumps • No bulges or tears • No mixing of different tyres on same axle (weight rating, tread, type) • No cord or ply showing • Tyres suitable for vehicle use and loading • No stones wedged between dual tyres • Store tyres correctly-upright, in cool & dry, rotate stock • Use a tyre cage when inflating heavy tyres NEGLECTING TYRES COSTS LIVES

ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM TYRE SAFETY Equivalent Pressures: k. Pa bar lb/in 2(psi) 150 1. 5 22. 0 200 2. 0 29. 0 160 1. 6 23. 0 210 2. 1 30. 5 170 1. 7 24. 5 220 2. 2 32. 0 180 1. 8 26. 0 230 2. 3 33. 5 190 1. 9 27. 5 240 2. 4 35. 0 Partners in Road Safety csm 51 MAR 2002 John Graham & Martin Keen

ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM THE FACTS Partners in Road Safety csm 51 MAR 2002 John Graham & Martin Keen

ROAD SAFETY MONITORING TEAM TYRE SAFETY THE END Partners in Road Safety csm 51 MAR 2002 John Graham & Martin Keen