Richard D Courtright Ph D Gifted Education Research

Richard D. Courtright, Ph. D. Gifted Education Research Specialist Duke University Talent Identification Program

LEARNING STYLES DEFINED: Style is the consistent, personal way by which people use their natural qualities and abilities to: • define themselves and their personal efficacy; • experience and relate to their world; • encounter, assess and process information, and to create and produce.

I. Dunn & Dunn

II. Myers & Briggs

Myers & Briggs ENERGIZING - orientation of energy INTROVERSION (I) Preference for drawing energy from one’s internal world of ideas, emotions or impressions EXTROVERSION (E) Preference for drawing energy from the outside world of people, activities or things. .

Myers & Briggs ATTENDING -- perception SENSING (S) Preference for taking in information through the five senses and noticing what is actual. INTUITION (N) Preference for taking in information through a “sixth sense” and noticing what might be.

Myers & Briggs DECIDING -- evaluation THINKING (T) Preference for organizing and structuring information to decide in a logical, objective way. FEELING (F) Preference for organizing and structuring information to decide in a personal, value-oriented way.

Myers & Briggs LIVING -- orientation to the outside world JUDGING (J) PERCEIVING (P) Preference for living a planned living a and organized life. spontaneous and flexible life.

EXTRAVERTS INTROVERTS SENSING INTUITING

III. Gregorc

Gregorc: PERCEIVING ABSTRACT CONCRETE

Gregorc: ORDERING SEQUENTIAL RANDOM

CS AS CR AR

Concrete Sequential POSITIVE n Practical n Down-to-Earth n Time-oriented n Fact/rule-driven n Derive information from the physical world n Hands-on CS NEGATIVE n Excessive conformity n “My way or the highway” n Unfeeling n By-the-book n Possessive n I’m going to kill you-it’s for your own good

Abstract Random POSITIVE n Abstract feelers n Imaginative n Sensitive / “tuned in” n Open to the experiences of the moment AR NEGATIVE n “Space Cadet”/airheads n Overly emotional n Overly sensual n Smother lovers

Abstract Sequential POSITIVE n Deals well with concepts, theories, etc. n Flow-chart thinking n Future-oriented n Impartial, detached n Highly verbal AS NEGATIVE n Impractical dreamer n Absentmindedness n Withdrawn/reserved n Aloof n Polysyllabic verbiage n Resides in an “Ivory Tower”

Concrete Random POSITIVE n Inventive, looks for new possibilities n In the moment n The world is his/her oyster n Intellectual leaps n Build a better moustrap CR NEGATIVE n Bandwagoning n Abandon tasks before completion n Not as concerned about consequences n “Out of sight, out of mind” n Jumps to conclusions

Concrete Sequential CS Learning Styles in the Classroom INSTRUCTION n Hands-on, manipulatives n Workbooks n Data collection n Computer programming PRODUCTION n Time Line n Graph n Diorama n Model n Exhibit

Abstract Random AR Learning Styles in the Classroom INSTRUCTION n Interpretation n Explanation n Communication n Illustration n Peer Teaching PRODUCTION n Writing n Arts, Music n Interviews n Helping projects n Journal n Simulations

Abstract Sequential AS Learning Styles in the Classroom INSTRUCTION n Lectures, Texts n Content mastery n Extensive reading n Reporting n Conceptual problemsolving PRODUCTION n Debates n Documents n Theoretical models n Research n Lecture

Concrete Random CR Learning Styles in the Classroom INSTRUCTION n Open-ended n Exploration n Investigation n Experimentation n Options PRODUCTION n Invention n Editorial n Solutions n Games n Experiments

MEDICINE WHEEL NORTH WEST EAST SOUTH

Thank you very much for your kind attention. Richard D. Courtright, Ph. D. Duke TIP (919) 668 -9130 RCourtright@tip. duke. edu