REGION ality of EARLINET sites Stefan Kinne MPIMeteorology

REGION ality of EARLINET sites Stefan Kinne MPI-Meteorology Hamburg, Germany

site data and global modeling ¡ global modeling is done on +100 km scales ¡ can (aerosol) site statistics be applied for evaluation at a single grid-point ? l for evaluations at many grid-points ? l ¡ use satellite data to decide (MISR aod) how does the 17. 6 km value compare to regional means l at 100 km l at 300 km l at 500 km l at 900 km l

quantify performance only apply to data-pairs: ¡ what l is the average relative bias ? rel BIAS = (S (local - region) / local ) / # cases l ¡ what l is the average relative error ? rel ERROR = (S abs(local - region) / local ) / # ¡ selected thresholds rel BIAS l rel ERROR l pass < +/- 10% < fail pass < 30% < fail

relative bias ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ 100 km 300 km Sofia -0. 210 Napoli -0. 023 Buchares -0. 008 Palaisea 0. 001 Obs. Haute 0. 004 Hamburg 0. 009 Evora 0. 016 Minsk 0. 020 Belsk 0. 020 Cabauw 0. 020 Leipzig 0. 021 Payerne 0. 032 Linkopin 0. 036 Athens 0. 048 Madrid 0. 054 Munich 0. 067 Neuchate 0. 070 Alomar 0. 077 Granada 0. 101 Thessalo 0. 109 Ness_Zio 0. 136 Barcelon 0. 144 Potenza 0. 156 Cork 0. 197 Lecce 0. 199 LAquila 0. 222 Ispra 0. 599 Sofia Buchares Napoli Leipzig Madrid Minsk Belsk Palaisea Evora Hamburg Munich Cabauw Thessalo Payerne Alomar Ness_Zio Linkopin Barcelon Neuchate Lecce Cork Athens Obs. Haute Granada Potenza Ispra LAquila 500 km -0. 079 -0. 072 -0. 063 -0. 027 -0. 013 0. 005 0. 024 0. 043 0. 083 0. 092 0. 096 0. 135 0. 155 0. 191 0. 206 0. 218 0. 240 0. 251 0. 289 0. 301 0. 350 0. 598 0. 605 0. 845 0. 898 1. 181 Buchares Leipzig Napoli Belsk Madrid Minsk Sofia Palaisea Evora Cabauw Hamburg Thessalo Munich Ness_Zio Alomar Barcelon Lecce Payerne Linkopin Cork Athens Neuchate Granada Obs. Haute Potenza LAquila Ispra 900 km -0. 122 -0. 035 -0. 014 -0. 011 -0. 009 0. 032 0. 033 0. 034 0. 045 0. 073 0. 115 0. 131 0. 240 0. 255 0. 276 0. 294 0. 305 0. 324 0. 326 0. 404 0. 418 0. 745 0. 862 1. 112 1. 397 1. 493 Buchares Leipzig Belsk Napoli Evora Palaisea Minsk Cabauw Madrid Sofia Hamburg Ness_Zio Thessalo Barcelon Lecce Munich Alomar Cork Athens Payerne Linkopin Neuchate Granada Obs. Haute Potenza LAquila Ispra -0. 130 -0. 041 -0. 006 -0. 002 0. 022 0. 031 0. 044 0. 072 0. 117 0. 126 0. 218 0. 249 0. 274 0. 305 0. 311 0. 340 0. 407 0. 444 0. 456 0. 516 0. 724 1. 009 1. 148 1. 489 3. 069

relative error 100 km ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ Evora Belsk Alomar Buchares Minsk Leipzig Cabauw Palaisea Hamburg Obs. Haute Linkopin Madrid Munich Athens Neuchate Payerne Napoli Ness_Zio Thessalo Barcelon Potenza Sofia Lecce Granada Cork LAquila Ispra 300 km 0. 078 0. 104 0. 112 0. 114 0. 116 0. 117 0. 128 0. 129 0. 139 0. 144 0. 153 0. 180 0. 201 0. 208 0. 209 0. 211 0. 214 0. 215 0. 225 0. 250 0. 254 0. 271 0. 282 0. 291 0. 321 0. 360 0. 638 Minsk Palaisea Leipzig Belsk Evora Buchares Hamburg Cabauw Madrid Alomar Munich Napoli Linkopin Ness_Zio Sofia Thessalo Payerne Lecce Neuchate Barcelon Cork Athens Obs. Haute Granada Potenza Ispra LAquila 500 km 0. 161 0. 165 0. 169 0. 171 0. 178 0. 234 0. 237 0. 240 0. 258 0. 281 0. 283 0. 300 0. 301 0. 307 0. 332 0. 366 0. 367 0. 375 0. 425 0. 439 0. 626 0. 695 0. 867 0. 984 1. 225 Palaisea Evora Leipzig Belsk Minsk Buchares Cabauw Madrid Hamburg Napoli Munich Sofia Alomar Ness_Zio Thessalo Lecce Linkopin Barcelon Athens Cork Payerne Neuchate Granada Obs. Haute Potenza LAquila Ispra 900 km 0. 192 0. 195 0. 198 0. 215 0. 221 0. 264 0. 271 0. 274 0. 301 0. 327 0. 330 0. 353 0. 357 0. 386 0. 387 0. 433 0. 481 0. 485 0. 500 0. 530 0. 832 0. 886 1. 126 1. 443 1. 649 Palaisea Leipzig Evora Belsk Buchares Minsk Cabauw Hamburg Napoli Madrid Ness_Zio Sofia Alomar Lecce Munich Thessalo Barcelon Athens Linkopin Cork Payerne Neuchate Granada Obs. Haute Potenza LAquila Ispra 0. 200 0. 212 0. 226 0. 242 0. 246 0. 249 0. 285 0. 319 0. 321 0. 326 0. 359 0. 367 0. 383 0. 419 0. 428 0. 434 0. 455 0. 497 0. 498 0. 530 0. 608 0. 656 0. 827 1. 038 1. 166 1. 536 3. 226

‘useful’ sites ¡ 100 km: ¡ Paliseau, Obs. Haute, Bucarest, Hamburg, Evora, Minsk, Belsk, Cabauw, Leipzig, Napoli, Payerne, Linkoeping, Athens, Madrid, Munich, Neuchatel, Alomar ¡ 300 km: ¡ Minsk, Belsk, Madrid, Paliseau, Leipzig, Evora, Napoli, Bucarest, Hamburg, Munich, Cabauw ¡ 500 km: ¡ Madrid, Belsk, Napoli, Minsk, Sofia, Leipzig, Paliseau, Evora, Cabauw ¡ 900 km: ¡ Napoli, Belsk, Evora, Pali. , Leipzig, Minsk, Cabauw

scoring … or not 900 km 500 km 300 km 100 km

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orography ¡ is the s altitude different from the regional average altitude (Dz = z, site – z, region) ? ¡ identify valley sites (- Dz) or elevated sites (+ Dz) ¡ is the regional height altitude variability around a site significant (std. dev. ) ? ¡ identify sites with potential for local effects - std. deviation of surrounding 1 x 1 degree region - std. deviation of surrounding 3 x 3 degree region

orography of Earlinet sites vs 1 x 1 deg region ¡ Abastuma Dz(m) 50 std(m) 3 deg 515 510 ¡ Alomar Athens 235 145 ¡ - 45 215 - 70 115 30 -5 - 45 - 10 - 45 - 185 30 10 60 10 45 80 ¡ ¡ 235 ¡ Barcelona ¡ ¡ 215 ¡ ¡ ¡ Belsk Bilthoven Bucarest Cabauw Cork Evora Garmisch 440 30 ¡ 25 ¡ 166 ¡ 25 ¡ 55 ¡ ¡ ¡ 100 ¡ ¡ ¡ 170 ¡ ¡ - 700 495 ¡ ¡ L’Aquila Lecce Leipzig Linkoping Payerne Madrid Maisach Minsk Munich Napoli Ness. Ziona Neuchatel Oxylithos Paliseau Potenza Sofia Thessalon 40 - 15 - 114 - 25 - 400 - 105 - 275 10 - 230 - 175 75 - 370 - 30 50 280 - 240 - 395 345 255 35 140 55 90 35 40 365 390 185 170 205 330 30 20 220 330 240 235 85 205 345 380 200 220 35 40 250 220 350 295 326

‘orographic’ summary ¡ tested site altitude vs regional (100 km) altitude Dz l regional (300 km) altitude std deviation std l l ¡ ‘smooth’ sites (Dz <100 m, std<100 m) ¡ Belsk, Bilthoven, Cabauw, Cork, Hamburg, Linkopoing, Minsk, Paliseau ¡ ‘acceptable’ sites (Dz <200 m, std<200 m) ¡ Bucarest, Evora, Lecce, Leipzig, Madrid ¡ ‘marginal’ sites (Dz <300 m, std<300 m) ¡ Alomar, Athens, Barcelona, Grenada, L’Aquila, Munich, Napoli, Ness Ziona, Oxylithos, Potenza, Sofia