ICTERUS BY MISBEE KAUP 13 M 075 Jaundice

ICTERUS BY MISBEE KAUP 13 M 075

Jaundice and icterus Yellowish staining of the skin is called jaundice and sclerae is called icterus. High levels of bilirubin in blood that is >2 -3 mg/dl.

What causes jaundice? Category Definition Pre-hepatic Pathology occurs prior to the liver Hepatic Pathology located within the liver Posthepatic Pathology located after the conjugation of bilirubin in the liver

What problems does jaundice cause? l l l Skin and sclerae - yellow Stool - light colour, clay coloured Dark urine Pain in abdomen Itching Trouble with sleeping Fatigue Swelling Ascites Mental confusion Coma Bleeding

Which diseases cause jaundice? l l l l l Increased production of bilirubin Acute liver inflammation Infiltrative liver diseases Bile duct inflammation Blockage of bile ducts Drugs Genetic disorders Developmental abnormalities of bile ducts Jaundice of pregnancy

History If the patient presents with icterus, he is more likely to have jaundice so the following history should be taken: 1) appetite and weight change. 2) Abdominal pain and altered bowel habit. 3) Gastrointestinal bleeding. 4) pruritis, dark urine, rigors. 5) Drug and alcohol history. 6) Past medical history (pancreatitis, biliary surgery) 7) Previous jaundice or hepatitis. 8) Blood transfusions. 9) Family history. 10) Sexual and contact history. 11) Travel history and immunisations. 12) Skin tattooing ( hepatitis B or C). l

Sites of examination 1)SCLERA 2)MUCOUS MEMBRANES ( HARD PALATE) 3)SKIN OF VARIOUS PART OF BODY 4)PALMS AND SOLES