Reading is an Interactive Process Dina Ocampo Ph
- Slides: 26
Reading is an Interactive Process Dina Ocampo, Ph. D. UP College of Education
Factors that Influence Reading READER TEXT Prior Knowledge Type Organization Knowledge About Reading Attitudes and Motivation Linguistic Properties Structural Features CONTEXT Purpose/Task Instruction Setting Figure 1. Factors that influence reading. (Source: Lipson and Wixson, 1991)
Comprehension is the result of the Interaction between the Reader and the Text READER Types of prior knowledge Stored in reader’s memory 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Script Knowledge and beliefs about The world derived from repeated experiences with people, places, events, situations in day-to-day living. 8. • • 2. Knowledge about language graphophonic information syntactic information semantic information pragmatics 3. Knowledge of text structure • text cohesion • different types of text TEXT C O M P R E H E N S I O N Text Schemata Content Information • subject matter/concepts • theme Linguistic features • spelling patterns/written conventions • language structure • vocabulary, word meanings • language functions (context in which language is used) Cohesive devices and general text structure • story grammar (narratives) • Top-level structure (exposition)
Script Knowledge Content theme
Can you guess what the paragraph is about?
A newspaper is better than a magazine and on a seashore is better than a street. At first, it is better to run than walk. Also you may have to try several times. It takes some skill but it is easy to learn. Even young children can enjoy it. Once successful, complications are minimal. Birds seldom get too close. One needs lots of room. Rain soaks in very fast. Too many people doing the same thing can also cause problems. If there are no complications, it can be very peaceful. A rock will serve as an anchor. If things break loose from it, however, you will not get a second chance. (Brandford & Johnson, in Aulls, 1982)
KITE!
Let’s try this one!
• Its physical make up is very similar to the make up of an orange. • Sometimes an orange has one seed in its center. • This also has a single central giant seed about 760 miles in radius. • This inner core serves to give it life, just like the orange seed gives it life.
• Its interior is as liquid as the interior of an orange • However, the liquid of an orange is what we call orange juice. • The liquid in this sphere is known as the outer liquid core. • This liquid core is about 1400 miles in depth.
• The liquid iron is confined by what is called a rocky mantle; the juice of the orange is confined by a white spongy cellulose material. • The difference is that the white cellulose is only a fraction of the orange’s radius, while the rocky mantle accounts for about a third of its radius, about 1300 miles • As you may have guessed by now, both the orange and this sphere have a crust or skin, which serves to protect the interior.
Can you guess what the sphere is?
The Usual Suspects The sun! A planet!
What helped? Knowledge Motivation About science Words I’ve digested earth! Experience with oranges
Knowledge About Language Linguistic Features
Do you know all these words? relation set table values variables variation with set are between consists continuously corresponding curve draws graph it isolated known making only often one points
If so, then do you know what this means……. . If the known relation between the variables consists of a table of corresponding values, the graph consists only of the corresponding set of isolated point. If the variables are known to vary continuously, one often draws a curve to show the variation
GOOD SHOW! It’s a line on a graph!
Knowledge of Text Structure Cohesive Devices
Narrative Text Structure
Story Structure of Narratives • Setting • Plot • Initiating event • Internal response • Attempt • Consequence • Reaction
Narrative Text Structure • • • Is more similar to ordinary conversation Is more familiar to children Is organized into a sequential pattern – with a beginning, a middle and an end • Is easy of keep track of
Expository texts
Structure of Expository Texts Types of Organization 1. Enumeration 2. Time order 3. Comparison/ Contrast 4. Cause & Effect 5. Problem Solution The Evolution of the Dodo How did the dodo change from being birds with strong wings and beaks to a big, flightless bird? CAUSES: ___________ CAUSES: No one chased them. Cause and Effect: _____________ EFFECT: They grew bigger. EFFECT: ___________ EFFECT: The dodos were no longer able to fly.
Expository texts • • • Provide information Provide facts Usually found in content area materials Usually used in newspapers Differ from ordinary conversation Are used in most school materials
The Reader and the Text The way the information is organized makes a difference in the way we understand use information.
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