Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter 4 Part 1
- Slides: 18
Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter 4 – Part 1
Solutions A solution is a homogenous mixture The solute is present in the smaller amount The solvent is present in the larger amount Solution Solvent Solute Soft drink (l) H 2 O Sugar, CO 2 Air (g) N 2 O 2, Ar, CH 4 Soft Solder (s) Pb Sn 4. 1
An electrolyte is a substance that, when dissolved in water, results in a solution that can conduct electricity. A nonelectrolyte is a substance that, when dissolved, results in a solution that does not conduct electricity. nonelectrolyte weak electrolyte strong electrolyte 4. 1
Conduct electricity in solution? Cations (+) and Anions (-) Strong Electrolyte – 100% dissociation Na. Cl (s) H 2 O Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) Weak Electrolyte – not completely dissociated CH 3 COOH CH 3 COO- (aq) + H+ (aq) 4. 1
Hydration is the process in which an ion is surrounded by water molecules arranged in a specific manner. d- d+ H 2 O
Electrolytes n n Substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water allow water to conduct electricity. A nonelectrolyte may dissolve in water, but it does not dissociate into ions when it does so.
Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes Soluble ionic compounds tend to be electrolytes.
Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes Molecular compounds tend to be nonelectrolytes, except for acids and bases.
Strong Electrolytes Are… n Strong acids
Strong Electrolytes Are… n n Strong acids Strong bases
Strong Electrolytes Are… n n n Strong acids Strong bases Soluble ionic salts
Precipitation Reactions When one mixes ions that form compounds that are insoluble (as could be predicted by the solubility guidelines), a precipitate is formed.
Acids: n n Substances that increase the concentration of H+ when dissolved in water (Arrhenius). Proton donors (Brønsted–Lowry).
Bases: n n Substances that increase the concentration of OH− when dissolved in water (Arrhenius). Proton acceptors (Brønsted–Lowry).
Neutralization Reactions Generally, when solutions of an acid and a base are combined, the products are a salt and water. HCl (aq) + Na. OH (aq) Na. Cl (aq) + H 2 O (l)
Gas-Forming Reactions n The expected product decomposes to give a gaseous product (CO 2 or SO 2). Ca. CO 3 (s) + HCl(aq) Ca. Cl 2(aq) + CO 2(g) + H 2 O (l) Na. HCO 3(aq) + HBr(aq) Na. Br(aq) + CO 2(g) + H 2 O(l) Sr. SO 3(s) + 2 HI(aq) Sr. I 2(aq) + SO 2(g) + H 2 O(l)
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions n n An oxidation occurs when an atom or ion loses electrons. A reduction occurs when an atom or ion gains electrons.
Displacement Reactions n n In displacement reactions, ions oxidize or reduce an element. The ions, then, are reduced or oxidized.
- Chemical reactions section 3 reactions in aqueous solutions
- Aqueous reactions and solution stoichiometry
- Chapter 4 reactions in aqueous solutions
- Chapter 4 reactions in aqueous solutions
- Chapter 4 reactions in aqueous solutions worksheet answers
- Chapter 4 reactions in aqueous solutions
- Reactions in aqueous solutions
- Aqueous solution
- An artificial cell consisting of an aqueous solution
- What is aqueous
- Monophasic liquid dosage form for internal use
- Assume that an aqueous solution of a cation
- Chemical reactions section 2 classifying chemical reactions
- 10 examples of redox reaction
- Section 2 classifying chemical reactions
- Chemistry unit 5 reactions balancing reactions worksheet
- Balancing redox reactions in basic solution
- Half cell reaction
- Types of chemical reactions and solution stoichiometry