RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY Scattering mechanisms Rayleigh Mie Random motions
- Slides: 24
RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY Scattering mechanisms Rayleigh Mie Random motions Vibrations Rotations Elastic Raman - local modes, vibrations, rotations Brillouin - collective modes (sound)
Raman scattering • Detects normal modes – Vibrations or rotations in gases or liquids – Phonon modes in solids • Fingerprint of bonds (elements) • Sensitive to – – – State of matter, crystalline or amorphous Defects Particle size Temperature …. • Experimental: narrow laser line + good spectrometer
Raman lines of semiconductors
Raman scattering Interaction between applied field and normal modes Applied optical field: Induces polarization Vibrations: Polarizability Displacement Raman active modes: Small amplitudes -e +e
Raman Lines Polarization Momentum sele ction rule: k₀ - k q +G=0 Only transitions at q=0
Selection rules – Raman active modes: Polarizability ellipsoids of molecule. is Raman active: the polarizability is different at the two extremes. On the other hand are not Raman active.
Raman scattering from Si nanocrystals Bonds in Si (Diamond structure) S 1: Vibrational frequencies (0. 1 e. V) S 2: Optical frequencies (3. 4 e. V)
Raman spectrum of Si
Phonons in bulk Si Experiments: Neutron scattering
Size effects in phonon modes • Well-known for thin films • 0 -D systems: – No band gap in amorphous matrix - reduce confinement effects – Fluctuations in size, shape, and orientation • Effect on Raman spectrum: – Shift of peak – Broadening of line – selection rule lifted -
Raman spectrum Faraci et al. PRB 73, 033307 (2006)
Confinement function Decays towards edge of nanocrystal
Calculating spectrum
Calculated spectra Large shift with size Asymmetric shape of spectrum
Comparison to experiments
Bond charge model
Bond charge model
Transition from amorphous to nano crystalline Si film Yue, Appl. Phys. Lett. , 75, 492 (1999) PECVD deposition at 230˚C on glass PL spectra: a-Si at 1. 3 e. V c-Si at 0. 9 e. V
Temperature dependence Si nc’s on graphite. Shift of Stokes and Anti Stokes lines. Ratio between Stokes and Anti Stokes determine temperature Faraci et al. PRB 80 193410 (2009)
Raman spectroscopy on carbon nanotubes Jung, Bork, Holmgaard, Kortbek 8 th semester report (n, m) tube
Metallic and semiconducting tubes
Radial and transverse modes
Radial breadingmodes
Conclusions Raman spectroscopy • • Elemental specific optical technique Fast and reliable Distinguish crystalline and amorphous phases Size sensitive for nc’s ~1 -10 nm
- Area of cross section
- Rayleigh vs raman scattering
- Mi-e dor mi-e dor de casa mea versuri
- Rayleigh scattering
- Raman scattering definition
- Rayleigh theory of light scattering
- Rayleigh scattering
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- Rayleigh theory of light scattering
- Raman spectroscopy wikipedia
- Use of raman spectroscopy
- Difference between ir and raman spectroscopy
- Raman spectroscopy kaiser
- Raman spectroscopy basics
- Raman spectroscopy disadvantages
- Raman spectroscopy selection rules
- Difference between ir and raman spectroscopy
- Selection rule for raman spectroscopy
- Random assignment vs random sampling
- Random assignment vs random selection
- Identify the transformation
- Wediag
- Therbligs symbols
- Model un points and motions