PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS MEDICAL CAUSES OF SYMPTOMS 1 How

PSYCHIATRIC SYMPTOMS MEDICAL CAUSES OF SYMPTOMS 1. How do medical disorders produce psychiatric symptoms. a). As a nonspecific psychologic stress. b). by producing physical symptoms that mimic a psychiatric disorders. c). By structural involvement of the central nervous system. d). By pharmacologic effects on the CNS.

Psychiatry symptoms 2. Virtually any psychiatric symptoms may be caused by an Underlying medical problem. 3. Principles of psychiatric evaluation. a). Symptoms of disordered mood, thought, or behavior must be considered nonspecific symptom that require differential diagnosis. 4. History. a). Temporal onset.

Medication and substances causing psychiatric symptom. Analgesics: delirium, euphoria and anxiety. Antiarrhythmics: excitement and agitation. Antibiotics: delirium, paranoia, anxiety and psychosis. Anticholinergics: memory impairment, restlessness and hallucination. Anticonvulsants: depression and confusion.

__cont’d Antihypertensive: depression , lethargy, sedation and hallucinations. Antiinflammatory agents: depression, anxiety and delirium. Antitubercular agents: agitation and hallucinations. Dopaminergics: neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Degenerative and neurologic causes Alzheimer’s disease. Heavy metal toxicity. Huntington’s disease. Jacob- Creutzfeldt disease. Multiple sclerosis. Parkinson’s disease. Pick’s disease.

psychopathology 1 -Cognoscitive symptoms. Disturbances of consciousness. Sensorium is the state of connitive functioning of the special senses. Disorientation. Clouding of consciousness. Stupor. Twilight state. Dreamlike state. Confusion.

delirium Coma vigil. Somnolence. Coma DISTURBANES OF ATTENTION -Ability to concentrate Distractibility. Selective inattention. Hyper vigilance. Trance(focused attention).

Disturbances of memory Amnesia- anterograde. - retrograde. Paramnesia-Falsification of memory. -Fasse reconnaissance. -Retrospective falsification. -confabulation. Hypermnesia. Eidetic image. LEVEL OF MEMORY Screen memory. -Immediate, recent past Repression. And remote.

INTELLIGENCE Mental retardation. Dementia. Pseudodementia. Concrete thinking. Abstract thinking. JUDGMENT -Critical judgment. -Automatic judgment. -Impaired judgment.

Disturbance of perception Hallucinations- Auditory‘’ are you hearing voices? - Visual-a hallmark of delirium, most common secondary to a medical disorder. -Olfactory-temporal lobe abnormality. -Tactile-most common seen during drug withdrawal. -Gustatory-organic and functional condition.

HALLUCINOSIS FALSE PERCEPTION- Most commonly seen during drug withdrawal, secondary to drug induction psychosis. - ILUSION Misperception or misinterpretation of real external sensory stimuli. -Disturbances associated with conversion and disociate phenomena.

Disturbances in speech Pressure of speech. Volubility of speech. Poverty of speech. Dysprosody. Dysarthria. Stuttering. Cluttering.

Thinking-Goal – directed flow of idea, symbols and association. Form of process of thinking. -Mental disorder. -Psychosis, autistic thinking. -Reality testing. -Magical thinking. -formal thought disorder. -illogical thinking. -Desreism.

pecific disturbances in form of Specific hought Neologism. Word salad. Circumstantiality. Tagentiality. Incoherence. Perseveration. Verbigeration. Echolalia. Condensation. Flight of ideas.

Specific disturbances in content of thought Poverty of content. Overvalued idea. Hypochondria idea. Delusion(false belief, based on incorrect inference about external reality). -types of delusion 1. Persecutory. (paranoid states and schizophrenia) 2. Grandiose. (elevated mood states) 3. Hypochondriacal. (depressive psychosis) 4. Nihilistic. (depressive psychosis) 5. Jealousy. (paranoid state, sometime associated whit alcohol) 6. Erotomanic. (paranoid state and mania) 7. DELUSION OF CONTROL(PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA) 8. DELUSION OF REFERENCE(SCHIZOPHRENIA)

Disorders of emotion = Emotion. Complex feeling state with psychic, somatic, and behavioral components that is related to affect and mood. Depressed mood(occurs in depressive disorders, adjustment reaction and normal people after severe stress). Morbid anxiety(as a clinical symptom is associated with low mood and other features of neurosis). ANXIOUS PATIENTS

Elevated mood states Hypomania(elated mood not justified by external events). - mania crisis Euphoria(unjustified happiness and unconcern). Ecstasy(a state of extreme well-being)-epilepsy. Abnormal emotional expression Blunted affect(neutral or flat response to a distressing stimulus). Incongruity of affect(the affective response is inappropriate to external events). Dissociation of affect(as representing an unconscious and often neurotic defense against anxiety). Lability of affect(also termed excessive emotional responsivity, mood state between sadness and happiness).

Physiological disturbances associated wit mood. Insomnia. Initial. - Middle. - Terminal. Hypersomnia. Anorexia. Bulimia. -

Motor behavior-(CONATION) -- Aspect of the psyche that includes impulses, motivation, wishes, driver, instincts and craving as expressed by a person’s behavior or motor activity. Echopraxia Catatonia and postural abnormalities. -catalepsy. -catatonic excitement. ‘’ stupor. ‘’ rigidity. ‘’ posturing. -negativism. -cataplexy. -stereotypy(repetitive fixed pattern of physical action or speech). -mannerism(ingrained, habitual involuntary movement). -automatism. -mutism.

CONATION Overactivity. Psychomotor agitation. - Hyperactivity(hyperkinesis). - Tic. - Sleep walking. Hypoactivity(hypokinesis). Mimicry. Aggression. Abulia. -