POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES Posterior pituitary
![POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-1.jpg)
![POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES § Posterior pituitary gland releases 2 hormones: 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES § Posterior pituitary gland releases 2 hormones: 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-2.jpg)
![POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES • Both are transported slowly along the hypothalamohypophyseal tract in combination POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES • Both are transported slowly along the hypothalamohypophyseal tract in combination](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-3.jpg)
![ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-4.jpg)
![VASOPRESSIN- ACTION • V 1 A receptor Vascular smooth muscle Action: Vasoconstriction. • V VASOPRESSIN- ACTION • V 1 A receptor Vascular smooth muscle Action: Vasoconstriction. • V](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-5.jpg)
![VASOPRESSIN- ACTION • ADH is vasoconstrictor. ADH binds to V 1 receptors on vascular VASOPRESSIN- ACTION • ADH is vasoconstrictor. ADH binds to V 1 receptors on vascular](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-6.jpg)
![ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE- ACTION ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE- ACTION](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-7.jpg)
![REGULATION OF ADH • Increased osmotic pressure – stimulates osmoreceptors by shrinkage • Impulses REGULATION OF ADH • Increased osmotic pressure – stimulates osmoreceptors by shrinkage • Impulses](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-8.jpg)
![REGULATION OF ADH • Hypovolemia- most potent stimulus than hyperosmolality 10% decrease in volume- REGULATION OF ADH • Hypovolemia- most potent stimulus than hyperosmolality 10% decrease in volume-](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-9.jpg)
![APPLIED ASPECTS Diabetis insepidus • Complete/ partial failure of ADH secretion. • Decreased renal APPLIED ASPECTS Diabetis insepidus • Complete/ partial failure of ADH secretion. • Decreased renal](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-10.jpg)
![APPLIED ASPECTS • Types : Neurogenic (central, or cranial) Problem in Hypothalamus or Posterior APPLIED ASPECTS • Types : Neurogenic (central, or cranial) Problem in Hypothalamus or Posterior](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-11.jpg)
![APPLIED ASPECTS Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion(SIADH) Excessive secretion of ADH Head injury Ectopic APPLIED ASPECTS Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion(SIADH) Excessive secretion of ADH Head injury Ectopic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-12.jpg)
![OXYTOCIN OXYTOCIN](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-13.jpg)
![OXYTOCIN • Synthesized in paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus. • Transported to the posterior pituitary. OXYTOCIN • Synthesized in paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus. • Transported to the posterior pituitary.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-14.jpg)
![MILK EJECTION REFLEX • Neurohumoral reflex • Oxytocin contraction of myoepithelial cells- expelling milk MILK EJECTION REFLEX • Neurohumoral reflex • Oxytocin contraction of myoepithelial cells- expelling milk](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-15.jpg)
![Remember: Oxytocin is concerned with ejection of milk, while prolactin is concerned with production Remember: Oxytocin is concerned with ejection of milk, while prolactin is concerned with production](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-16.jpg)
![PARTURITION REFLEX • Stretching of cervix- stimulate paraventricular nucleus – secretes oxytocin • Contraction PARTURITION REFLEX • Stretching of cervix- stimulate paraventricular nucleus – secretes oxytocin • Contraction](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-17.jpg)
![APPLIED ASPECTS • Preparation of oxytocin (oxytocics) are used for induction of labor. • APPLIED ASPECTS • Preparation of oxytocin (oxytocics) are used for induction of labor. •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-18.jpg)
![Thank you Thank you](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-19.jpg)
- Slides: 19
![POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-1.jpg)
POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND
![POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES Posterior pituitary gland releases 2 hormones 1 Antidiuretic hormone ADH POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES § Posterior pituitary gland releases 2 hormones: 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-2.jpg)
POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES § Posterior pituitary gland releases 2 hormones: 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) / arginine vasopressin (AVP). 2. Oxytocin § Produced in hypothalamic nuclei: Supraoptic nucleus (ADH) Paraventricular nucleus (Oxytocin)
![POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES Both are transported slowly along the hypothalamohypophyseal tract in combination POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES • Both are transported slowly along the hypothalamohypophyseal tract in combination](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-3.jpg)
POSTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES • Both are transported slowly along the hypothalamohypophyseal tract in combination with carrier protein called neurophysin, to the nerve endings in the posterior pituitary gland where they are stored. • ADH is stored but not synthesized in posterior pitutary. • Half life- 16 -20 minutes
![ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-4.jpg)
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE
![VASOPRESSIN ACTION V 1 A receptor Vascular smooth muscle Action Vasoconstriction V VASOPRESSIN- ACTION • V 1 A receptor Vascular smooth muscle Action: Vasoconstriction. • V](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-5.jpg)
VASOPRESSIN- ACTION • V 1 A receptor Vascular smooth muscle Action: Vasoconstriction. • V 1 B receptor Location: Pituitary corticotrophs Action: Enhanced ACTH release • V 2 receptor Baso-lateral membrane of distal nephron. Action: Antidiuresis via production and action on acquaporin 2
![VASOPRESSIN ACTION ADH is vasoconstrictor ADH binds to V 1 receptors on vascular VASOPRESSIN- ACTION • ADH is vasoconstrictor. ADH binds to V 1 receptors on vascular](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-6.jpg)
VASOPRESSIN- ACTION • ADH is vasoconstrictor. ADH binds to V 1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle to cause vasoconstriction- hence, the name "vasopressin".
![ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE ACTION ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE- ACTION](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-7.jpg)
ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE- ACTION
![REGULATION OF ADH Increased osmotic pressure stimulates osmoreceptors by shrinkage Impulses REGULATION OF ADH • Increased osmotic pressure – stimulates osmoreceptors by shrinkage • Impulses](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-8.jpg)
REGULATION OF ADH • Increased osmotic pressure – stimulates osmoreceptors by shrinkage • Impulses travel via hypothalamo-hypophysial tract • Reflex secretion of ADH. • Hyposmolality- expansion of osmoreceptors- decreases ADH secretion
![REGULATION OF ADH Hypovolemia most potent stimulus than hyperosmolality 10 decrease in volume REGULATION OF ADH • Hypovolemia- most potent stimulus than hyperosmolality 10% decrease in volume-](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-9.jpg)
REGULATION OF ADH • Hypovolemia- most potent stimulus than hyperosmolality 10% decrease in volume- sufficient to release ADH. • Pain, post operative state, emotional stress Increases ADH secretion- direct action on supraoptic nucleus. • Liver and kidney diseases – Increased ADH secretion because ADH is mainly inactivated by liver and kidney.
![APPLIED ASPECTS Diabetis insepidus Complete partial failure of ADH secretion Decreased renal APPLIED ASPECTS Diabetis insepidus • Complete/ partial failure of ADH secretion. • Decreased renal](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-10.jpg)
APPLIED ASPECTS Diabetis insepidus • Complete/ partial failure of ADH secretion. • Decreased renal water reabsorption • Polyuria- 3 -20 L/day • Pure water loss- dilute urine • Urine osmolality < 300 mosm/L (DM- >1200 mosm/L) • Stimulate thirst- increased water intake- Polydypsia.
![APPLIED ASPECTS Types Neurogenic central or cranial Problem in Hypothalamus or Posterior APPLIED ASPECTS • Types : Neurogenic (central, or cranial) Problem in Hypothalamus or Posterior](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-11.jpg)
APPLIED ASPECTS • Types : Neurogenic (central, or cranial) Problem in Hypothalamus or Posterior pituitary gland. Head injury, pituitary tumors Treatment: ADH. Nephrogenic (Peripheral) Resistance of V 2 receptors in collecting ducts of the kidneys. Acquired- drugs like rifampicin, aminoglycoside, lithium Genetic- X linked recessive defect - V 2 receptor gene deficient Autosomal defect- acuaporin gene is deficient.
![APPLIED ASPECTS Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretionSIADH Excessive secretion of ADH Head injury Ectopic APPLIED ASPECTS Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion(SIADH) Excessive secretion of ADH Head injury Ectopic](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-12.jpg)
APPLIED ASPECTS Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion(SIADH) Excessive secretion of ADH Head injury Ectopic production of ADH- CA lung, pancreas , ovary and bladder. • Neurologic diseases: Multiple sclerosis, brain abscess, meningitis. • Drugs: desmopressin, chlorpropamide. • •
![OXYTOCIN OXYTOCIN](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-13.jpg)
OXYTOCIN
![OXYTOCIN Synthesized in paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus Transported to the posterior pituitary OXYTOCIN • Synthesized in paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus. • Transported to the posterior pituitary.](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-14.jpg)
OXYTOCIN • Synthesized in paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus. • Transported to the posterior pituitary.
![MILK EJECTION REFLEX Neurohumoral reflex Oxytocin contraction of myoepithelial cells expelling milk MILK EJECTION REFLEX • Neurohumoral reflex • Oxytocin contraction of myoepithelial cells- expelling milk](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-15.jpg)
MILK EJECTION REFLEX • Neurohumoral reflex • Oxytocin contraction of myoepithelial cells- expelling milk into ducts. • Conditioned reflex- sight, sound and thought of child.
![Remember Oxytocin is concerned with ejection of milk while prolactin is concerned with production Remember: Oxytocin is concerned with ejection of milk, while prolactin is concerned with production](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-16.jpg)
Remember: Oxytocin is concerned with ejection of milk, while prolactin is concerned with production of milk.
![PARTURITION REFLEX Stretching of cervix stimulate paraventricular nucleus secretes oxytocin Contraction PARTURITION REFLEX • Stretching of cervix- stimulate paraventricular nucleus – secretes oxytocin • Contraction](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-17.jpg)
PARTURITION REFLEX • Stretching of cervix- stimulate paraventricular nucleus – secretes oxytocin • Contraction of uterus • Expelling of fetus.
![APPLIED ASPECTS Preparation of oxytocin oxytocics are used for induction of labor APPLIED ASPECTS • Preparation of oxytocin (oxytocics) are used for induction of labor. •](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-18.jpg)
APPLIED ASPECTS • Preparation of oxytocin (oxytocics) are used for induction of labor. • Oxytocin infusion facilitates progression of labor. • Injected immediately after delivery- prevents excessive postpartum haemorrhage.
![Thank you Thank you](https://slidetodoc.com/presentation_image/ff7484e7f3596152e91d0c0f10ebb30c/image-19.jpg)
Thank you
Pituitary gland hormones
Pineal gland pituitary gland
Pituitary gland and pineal gland spiritual
Posterior pituitary hormones
The embryonic origin of the anterior pituitary gland is
Pancreas artery
Surfaces of thyroid gland
Anterior pituitary hormones
Secretory gland
Adrenal gland
Division of pituitary gland
Sketch of pituitary gland
Putery gland
Hypophyseal fossa and pituitary gland
Pituitary gland
Triple f gland for flight fright and fight is
Prolactin hormones
Nerve supply of pituitary gland
Pituitary gland thyroid
Hypersecretion of prolactin